Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
Whether dinosaurs were endotherms is the focus of both the writer and the professor. In the writing, three pieces of evidence, including polar dinosaurs, leg position and movement, and Haversian canals, have been elaborated. The professor, however, claims that many scientists do not think these pieces of evidence are convincing.
An opposed to the writer's idea that the dinosaur fossils were found in the Polar Regions where only endotherms can be alive. The professor states that this evidence can not figure out that dinosaurs were endotherms. He advances the theory by saying that the Polar Regions were warmer at that time, so dinosaurs could live in these places, and when these places became colder, dinosaurs could migrate to other warmer places.
The professor continues to discredit the writing's assertion that dinosaurs' leg positions were underneath the body, which indicated dinosaurs were endotherms, by examining the fact that the leg position can not be evidence for endotherms. In detail, he points out that dinosaurs had legs underneath the body only because they were necessary to develop larger size.
It is the professor's third argument that Haversian canals can not prove that dinosaurs were endotherms, which contradicts the view of the writer that Haversian canals can credit that dinosaurs were endotherms. To explore deeper, the professor contends that the dinosaurs had growth rings that indicated the growth rate, and these growth rings showed that dinosaurs were growing more slowly or even stopped growing when the climate became colder; however, endotherms are growing stably at these extreme climates.
An apparent divide exists between the writer and the professor on whether the dinosaurs were endotherms.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2023-11-14 | TiOluwani97 | 80 | view |
| 2023-07-20 | guna | 73 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 19, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'writers'' or 'writer's'?
Suggestion: writers'; writer's
...ce are convincing. An opposed to the writers idea that the dinosaur fossils were fou...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 42, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'writings'' or 'writing's'?
Suggestion: writings'; writing's
...he professor continues to discredit the writings assertion that dinosaurs leg positions ...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
however, so, third
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 10.4613686534 172% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 21.0 12.0772626932 174% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1481.0 1373.03311258 108% => OK
No of words: 271.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 5.46494464945 5.08290768461 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.05734859645 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57961820561 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 136.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.50184501845 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 452.7 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 67.4925156549 49.2860985944 137% => OK
Chars per sentence: 134.636363636 110.228320801 122% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.6363636364 21.698381199 114% => OK
Discourse Markers: 1.63636363636 7.06452816374 23% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.152088205787 0.272083759551 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0758103566317 0.0996497079465 76% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0518575798376 0.0662205650399 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.100000919437 0.162205337803 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0156514650945 0.0443174109184 35% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.6 13.3589403974 124% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 38.66 53.8541721854 72% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.8 11.0289183223 125% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.68 12.2367328918 120% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.02 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.