Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus' surface, and the planet's atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet's surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
Recently, there has been a ton of debates about the possibility of building a permanent station on Venus. More specifically, according to the passage, the writer puts forth the idea that it is unlikely that humans can live on Venus. In the listening passage, the lecturer is quick to point out there are some serious flaws in the writer's claims. The professor believes that humans can build floating stations in Venus' atmosphere, and addresses, in detail the trouble with each point made in the reading text.
First and foremost, the author of the reading states that atmospheric pressure at the surface of Venus is extremely higher than the pressure at Earth's surface. Some professionals in the same field, however, stand in firm opposition to this claim. In the listening, such as the professor states that the floating stations in Venus have pressure equal to the pressure on Earth's surface. He goes on to say that the atmospheric pressure in Venus decrease with height.
One group of scholars, represented by the writer, thinks that Venus' surface does not contain any water or oxygen and it is only made from huge amounts of other gases. Of course, though, not all experts in this field believe this is correct. Again, the professor specifically addresses this point when he states that humans can produce water and oxygen in the floating stations by using available gases on Venus' surface.
Finally, the author wraps his argument by positing that a little amount of sunlight reaches the Venus' surface due to the thickness of Venus' clouds. Not surprisingly, the lecturer takes this issue with his claim by contending that the clouds in Venus are not very thick at 50-kilometer height. Moreover, power cells on the stations can collect the sunlight easily.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 13, column 58, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...or wraps his argument by positing that a little amount of sunlight reaches the Ve...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, however, if, moreover, so, of course, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 47.0 30.3222958057 155% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1481.0 1373.03311258 108% => OK
No of words: 294.0 270.72406181 109% => OK
Chars per words: 5.03741496599 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.14082457966 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.58253773134 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 153.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.520408163265 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 449.1 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 35.9319083937 49.2860985944 73% => OK
Chars per sentence: 105.785714286 110.228320801 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.0 21.698381199 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.35714285714 7.06452816374 62% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.117561205249 0.272083759551 43% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0422948293711 0.0996497079465 42% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0308264944028 0.0662205650399 47% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0706449857218 0.162205337803 44% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0262425444712 0.0443174109184 59% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 13.3589403974 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.95 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.06 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 63.0 63.6247240618 99% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.