Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus’ surface, and the planet’s atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet’s surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds. Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
In the reading passage, the author propses several evidence to illutrate Venus is inhosipotable for human living. However, the speaker in the lecture believes that it is possible to habitate on Venus by constructing a floating station.
First of all, the author in the passages claims that atmospheric pressue at Venus's surface is so high that spacecraft and human could be ccushed when landing. On the contrary, the lecturer deems this problem can be addressed by building a station floating 15 kilometer above the surface where the atmospheric pressure is much lower. This is becuase pressure decreases as the height increases, and the pressure 15 kilometers above of the surface is similar to that of on the earth. Therefore, living in the floating station is harmless for human-being.
Secondly, the passage says that the lack of water and oxygen on Venus requires human import those resources from earth, which is impractical. However, the lecturer counters this idea by emphasizing that chemical compounds existing in the atmosphere could be used to produce necessary water and oxygen in the floating station. As a result, there is no need to import the resoiurce from the earth by utilization the compounds obtained in atmosphere.
Finally, opposing to the author's third point that littile sun could be used to power machins due to the reflection and thick carbon dioxide clouds, the speaker contends that sunlight is relatively abundant at 15 kilometers above the surface where clouds is not that thick. Moreover, the station could also use the light reflected by the clouds, transforming to electricity fo rthe machines and euipment
- It is difficult for teachers to be both popular and effective in helping students to learn 88
- Imagine that you are in a classroom or a meeting The teacher or the meeting leader says something incorrect In your opinion which of the following is the best thing to do Interrupt and correct the mistake right away Wait until the class or meeting is over 76
- It is commonly believed that in life success is not the most important thing it is more important to remain happy and optimistic when we fail Do you agree with that idea Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 76
- In today s world it is more important to work quickly and risk making mistakes than to work slowly and make sure that everything is correct 73
- In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the United States Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to North America by European explore 85
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 44, Rule ID: MANY_NN_U[8]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun evidence seems to be uncountable; consider using: 'some evidence'.
Suggestion: some evidence
...the reading passage, the author propses several evidence to illutrate Venus is inhosipotable for...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 260, Rule ID: CD_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun 'kilometer' seems to be countable, so consider using: 'kilometers'.
Suggestion: kilometers
...essed by building a station floating 15 kilometer above the surface where the atmospheric...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, however, moreover, second, secondly, so, therefore, third, as a result, first of all, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1386.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 265.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 5.23018867925 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03470204552 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.78129847688 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 143.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.539622641509 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 428.4 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 49.0861950599 49.2860985944 100% => OK
Chars per sentence: 126.0 110.228320801 114% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.0909090909 21.698381199 111% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.1818181818 7.06452816374 158% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.131487874343 0.272083759551 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0537263031604 0.0996497079465 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0435792982888 0.0662205650399 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0809547837273 0.162205337803 50% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0384336035824 0.0443174109184 87% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.2 13.3589403974 114% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.35 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.12 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.