In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems in which frogs live; for example, frogs help play a role in protecting humans by eating disease-carrying insects. Several methods have been proposed to solve the problem of declining frog populations.
First, frogs are being harmed by pesticides, which are chemicals used to prevent insects from damaging farm crops such as corn and sugarcane. Pesticides often spread from farmland into neighboring frog habitats. Once pesticides enter a frog’s body, they attack the nervous system, leading to severe breathing problems. If laws prohibited the farmers from using harmful pesticides near sensitive frog populations, it would significantly reduce the harm pesticides cause to frogs.
A second major factor in frog population decline is a fungus that has spread around the world with deadly effect. The fungus causes thickening of the skin, and since frogs use their skin to absorb water, infected frogs die of dehydration. Recently, researchers have discovered several ways to treat or prevent infection, including antifungal medication and treatments that kill the fungus with heat. Those treatments, if applied on a large scale, would protect sensitive frog populations from infection.
Third, in a great many cases, frog populations are in decline simply because their natural habitats are threatened. Since most frog species lay their eggs in water, they are dependent on water and wetland habitats. Many such habitats are threatened by human activities, including excessive water use or the draining of wetlands to make them suitable for development. If key water habitats such as lakes and marshes were better protected from excessive water use and development, many frog species would recover.
The passage provides information regarding the possible solution for the immense problem of frog population decreasing. The professor presents points which contradict with the points mentioned in the passage. These contradiction will be elaborated in the following paragraphs.
Firstly, according to the article, governments could make this decreasing stop by introducing the legislation on using pesticides near frog habitats. Nevertheless, the lecturer illustrates that this policy is not economically feasible because it would harm farmers and leads to losing crops.
Secondly, as it is stated in the article, using new methods for treatment infection is a practical way to save frog species. On the contrary, based on the information from listening, that would be a very expensive and time-consuming process. This is because the new method must perform on each frog individually, which need catching them one by one. Besides, it will not protect them from the diseases to each other, meaning that the treatment must be implied repeatedly.
Last but not the least, author of the reading notes that one underlying factor of frog population diminishing is overconsumption of water resources. The lecturer, however, says that it is not actually true because the major reason for that is climate changes, results in global warming. This issue could not be eliminated by limiting the human water use, since the origin of that is climate change.
- The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake. The level of salt in the lake's water-what scientists call its salinity-has been increasing steadily for years because the lake's water is evaporating faster than it is being replaced 90
- Some people think that the best way to improve road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for driving a car or motor-bike. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 89
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers were more appreciated and valued by society in the past than they are nowadays. 76
- Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads.To what extent do you agree or disagree with that statement? 84
- Some people believe that when busy parents do not have a lot of time to spend with their children, the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports. Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to 76
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 210, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this contradiction' or 'These contradictions'?
Suggestion: This contradiction; These contradictions
...th the points mentioned in the passage. These contradiction will be elaborated in the following par...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, besides, but, first, firstly, however, nevertheless, regarding, second, secondly, so, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1233.0 1373.03311258 90% => OK
No of words: 225.0 270.72406181 83% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.48 5.08290768461 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.87298334621 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.00961422408 2.5805825403 117% => OK
Unique words: 135.0 145.348785872 93% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.6 0.540411800872 111% => OK
syllable_count: 373.5 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 4.0 8.23620309051 49% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 23.2020114071 49.2860985944 47% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 102.75 110.228320801 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.75 21.698381199 86% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.25 7.06452816374 131% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.115846604405 0.272083759551 43% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0409383361959 0.0996497079465 41% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0393792616947 0.0662205650399 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0676832683558 0.162205337803 42% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0285533199519 0.0443174109184 64% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.8 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.75 53.8541721854 83% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.5 12.2367328918 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.86 8.42419426049 117% => OK
difficult_words: 76.0 63.6247240618 119% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.