Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds “quackers” (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines’ sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds.
The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female orca whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a mate are similar to those that the submarines were detecting.
A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squid are giant marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity.
A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from some military technology, like another country’s submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on the sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectable by sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.
The speaker and the author hold different opinions on the stranege sounds heard by the Russian submarines. The author gave three theories about what might have caused the odd sounds. However, the speaker contradicted all of them.
The first theory given by the author is that the noises came from the calls of orca whales. But the speaker indicated that the orca whales often appears near the surface of the ocean, while the submarines were located in the deep water. It is impossible for a submarine to detact the sounds from the surface.
The second idea proposed by the author is that the noises were caused by giant squid. But the speaker pointed that the noises started in the 1960s and ended in the 1980s. This could not be possible because squid always live in the ocean. It could not disappear in the 1980s.
The third theory suggested by the author is that the noises were from some military technology. However, the speaker said the military technology can not emit such noises moving with great speed and agility.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-06-09 | Zmx_6 | 80 | view |
| 2023-06-09 | Zmx_6 | 83 | view |
| 2023-06-09 | Zmx_6 | 83 | view |
| 2022-12-25 | nikki07hung | 3 | view |
| 2022-12-25 | nikki07hung | 61 | view |
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, if, second, so, third, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 856.0 1373.03311258 62% => OK
No of words: 178.0 270.72406181 66% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.80898876404 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.65262427087 4.04702891845 90% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.20840117004 2.5805825403 86% => OK
Unique words: 99.0 145.348785872 68% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.556179775281 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 255.6 419.366225166 61% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 27.8473018841 49.2860985944 57% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 71.3333333333 110.228320801 65% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.8333333333 21.698381199 68% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.08333333333 7.06452816374 58% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.140926607348 0.272083759551 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0548441235717 0.0996497079465 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0462315628432 0.0662205650399 70% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0809216012513 0.162205337803 50% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0460486890321 0.0443174109184 104% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 8.6 13.3589403974 64% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 74.19 53.8541721854 138% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 6.4 11.0289183223 58% => Flesch kincaid grade is low.
coleman_liau_index: 10.03 12.2367328918 82% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.35 8.42419426049 87% => OK
difficult_words: 34.0 63.6247240618 53% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 7.0 11.2008830022 62% => The average readability is low. Need to imporve the language.
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, if, second, so, third, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 856.0 1373.03311258 62% => OK
No of words: 178.0 270.72406181 66% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.80898876404 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.65262427087 4.04702891845 90% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.20840117004 2.5805825403 86% => OK
Unique words: 99.0 145.348785872 68% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.556179775281 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 255.6 419.366225166 61% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 27.8473018841 49.2860985944 57% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 71.3333333333 110.228320801 65% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.8333333333 21.698381199 68% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.08333333333 7.06452816374 58% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.140926607348 0.272083759551 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0548441235717 0.0996497079465 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0462315628432 0.0662205650399 70% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0809216012513 0.162205337803 50% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0460486890321 0.0443174109184 104% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 8.6 13.3589403974 64% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 74.19 53.8541721854 138% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 6.4 11.0289183223 58% => Flesch kincaid grade is low.
coleman_liau_index: 10.03 12.2367328918 82% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.35 8.42419426049 87% => OK
difficult_words: 34.0 63.6247240618 53% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 7.0 11.2008830022 62% => The average readability is low. Need to imporve the language.
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.