The passage explains three reasons to support the theory that humpback whales are able to navigate by the stars. However, the lecturer states that the evidence presented in the passage are not convincing.
First, according to the passage, humpback whales have complex brains which enable them to use stars for navigation. On the other hand, the lecturer contends that it seems to be no connection between the animal's intelligence and its ability to navigate using stars. He states that a species of bird, duck, has an average cognitive ability but is still able to navigate by stars. Therefore, the cognitive ability of humpback whale is an instinct feature and does not show its intelligence level.
Second, the author claims that humpback whales migrate in straight lines for long distances which necessitates them to use external objects to orient themselves. Since there is no land feature to rely on, humpback whales use stars to maintain their direction. Nevertheless, the lecturer explains that humpback whales have bio-magnetic in their brains that helps whales to sense earth's magnetic field. Therefore they can orient themselves by using magnetic field rather than stars.
Third, the author explains that humpback whales show an unusual behavior, straight up their head above the water, which is called spy-hopping and it is an evidence of looking at the stars for navigation. However, the lecturer declares that although this behavior is rare among animals, there are few animals such as sharks that show the same behavior. He continues that sharks do not migrate and do spy-hopping just to look for prays to haunt. In addition, sometimes whales do spy- hopping during the day when there is not any star in the sky to use for navigation.
- TPO-24 - Integrated Writing Task Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently 76
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 204, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'animals'' or 'animal's'?
Suggestion: animals'; animal's
...t seems to be no connection between the animals intelligence and its ability to navigat...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 402, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
... whales to sense earths magnetic field. Therefore they can orient themselves by using mag...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, look, nevertheless, second, so, still, therefore, third, in addition, such as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1474.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 286.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.15384615385 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11236361783 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.59427364752 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 148.0 145.348785872 102% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.517482517483 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 450.0 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 32.0277303318 49.2860985944 65% => OK
Chars per sentence: 105.285714286 110.228320801 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.4285714286 21.698381199 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.35714285714 7.06452816374 118% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.50565231953 0.272083759551 186% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.169720684008 0.0996497079465 170% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0960908832805 0.0662205650399 145% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.282484946335 0.162205337803 174% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.100992533796 0.0443174109184 228% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.0 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 53.8541721854 95% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.59 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.11 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 63.0 63.6247240618 99% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.