The use of fluoride in preventative dentistry has been a great breakthrough in improving the dental health of large populations. Small amounts of soluble fluoride ions are present in all water sources, including oceans and also to some extent in food and beverages, although quantities vary considerably from region to region.
The importance of fluoride for tooth development has been well documented in children living in the areas of naturally occurring fluoridate water had superior dental health to children living in areas where the water was relatively deficient in this element. In fluoride-deficient regions this element can be added to the water supply in minute quantities.
When this is done, the benefits in improved dental health in the population exposed to fluoride-supplemented water are similar to those obtained by exposure to fluoride occurring naturally, In either case, researchers have observed the preventative effects working through various mechanisms, chief among which are that fluoride reduces the solubility of tooth enamel and also reduces the ability of plaque organisms to produce enamel-attacking acids. During the formation of teeth in the young, fluoride joins with the enamel surface and makes it harder and hence more resistant to decay.
According to research, fluoride can even help repair cavities by rebuilding the enamel layer of teeth. Topical application by way of fluoride toothpaste or drops is also helpful in older adults since it can help prevent decay and sensitivity in the roots of teeth.
The reading passage applauds the breakthrough of usage of fluoride in improving dental health problems. On the contrary, the speaker suggests that a cautious approach has to be undertaken in determining the usage of fluoride for dental problems.
Firstly, the author suggests that small amounts of fluoride are present in numerous water bodies. In contrast, the speaker says that the safety of these supplements is highly questionable. There pertains a high level of danger as fluoride also originates from the hazardous waste of industries.
In addition, the author states that studies dating back to 1930s show that children living close to fluoridated water have superior teeth than those not living close to such waters. On the contrary, the speaker puts forth the point of a large-scale study being conducted which suggest that the decay rates are identical. Surprisingly, some areas show that decay rates are even going down.
Thirdly, the author says that fluoride supplemented water has improved the dental health conditions of many people. However, the speaker raises a confounding point that the addition of fluoride in water was being done without the consent of the people. The speaker also suggests that people were being used as lab rats.
Lastly, the author suggests research that can recuperate the cavities of teeth. However, the speaker mentions that fluoride is, in fact, poisonous and extensive usage of it can cause serious health problems. The speaker finally concludes by saying that extensive research needs to be conducted to determine whether fluoride does help in dental problems or it doesn’t.
- Over the past two years the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number 54
- Argument Topic The following is taken from a memo from the advertising director of the Super Screen Movie Production Company According to a recent report from our marketing department during the past year fewer people attended Super Screen produced movies 53
- An international development organization in response to a vitamin A deficiency among people in the impoverished nation of Tagus has engineered a new breed of millet high in vitamin A While seeds for this new type of millet cost more farmers will be paid 40
- Productivity and Rewards 66
- Some people believe that in order to be effective political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently c 50
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, firstly, however, lastly, so, third, thirdly, as to, in addition, in contrast, in fact, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 2.0 7.30242825607 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1379.0 1373.03311258 100% => OK
No of words: 257.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.36575875486 5.08290768461 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.00390054096 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64672681508 2.5805825403 103% => OK
Unique words: 139.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.540856031128 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 406.8 419.366225166 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 33.2252670019 49.2860985944 67% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.5 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.3571428571 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.92857142857 7.06452816374 126% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.263474402172 0.272083759551 97% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0975447460868 0.0996497079465 98% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0684069096802 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.15397436104 0.162205337803 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.054445576504 0.0443174109184 123% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.0 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.87 12.2367328918 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.4 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 63.0 63.6247240618 99% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.