In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems in which frogs live; for example, frogs help play a role in protecting humans by eating disease-carrying insects. Several methods have been proposed to solve the problem of declining frog populations.
First, frogs are being harmed by pesticides, which are chemicals used to prevent insects from damaging farm crops such as corn and sugarcane. Pesticides often spread from farmland into neighboring frog habitats. Once pesticides enter a frog’s body, they attack the nervous system, leading to severe breathing problems. If laws prohibited the farmers from using harmful pesticides near sensitive frog populations, it would significantly reduce the harm pesticides cause to frogs.
A second major factor in frog population decline is a fungus that has spread around the world with deadly effect. The fungus causes thickening of the skin, and since frogs use their skin to absorb water, infected frogs die of dehydration. Recently, researchers have discovered several ways to treat or prevent infection, including antifungal medication and treatments that kill the fungus with heat. Those treatments, if applied on a large scale, would protect sensitive frog populations from infection.
Third, in a great many cases, frog populations are in decline simply because their natural habitats are threatened. Since most frog species lay their eggs in water, they are dependent on water and wetland habitats. Many such habitats are threatened by human activities, including excessive water use or the draining of wetlands to make them suitable for development. If key water habitats such as lakes and marshes were better protected from excessive water use and development, many frog species would recover.
The reading provides three possible appraochs to solve the problem of declining frog populations. However, the speaker cast serious doubt on the effectiveness of all of the approaches in the following way.
To begin with, the author suggests that establishing laws to prevent farmers from using harmful pesticides near sensitive frog population would address the problem as pesticides are harmful to frogs. The speaker, on the contrary, states that the law is impractical and unfair as it would reduce the yield of crops in the area near frog population, putting the farmers there in an disadvantageous situation. Therefore, it is not economicly fair considering its influence on the farmers competitivity in the market.
Secondly, the listening material indicate the method of applying treatment for fungus infection on frog individual is complicated and expensive though the reading suggests that it is an effective solution. The speaker explains the disadvange of this method as it is costly to capture and treat each frog in such a hugh population and it cannot prevent the disease from passing to the next generation, which means the progress need to be repeated year after year.
Lastly, the reading claims that limit the water use and development would save the frog population as it provides protection for their natural habits. On the other hand, the lecturer believes that the threat of habits is caused mostly by global warming instead of excessive water usage. Hence, this solution can not prevent the ongoing change on frogs' habitats.
In conclusion, albeit that the reading provides three possible ways to save the frog population, they are effectively challenged by the reasons given by the lecturer.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2020-01-16 | Vishnupri | 3 | view |
| 2020-01-03 | jason_linnil | 76 | view |
| 2019-12-10 | catherine0915 | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-26 | shrjhn1234 | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-04 | jinjingcarol | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 163, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
...t serious doubt on the effectiveness of all of the approaches in the following way. T...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 378, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'a' instead of 'an' if the following word doesn't start with a vowel sound, e.g. 'a sentence', 'a university'
Suggestion: a
...opulation, putting the farmers there in an disadvantageous situation. Therefore, i...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
hence, however, lastly, second, secondly, so, therefore, in conclusion, on the contrary, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 14.0 5.01324503311 279% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1462.0 1373.03311258 106% => OK
No of words: 274.0 270.72406181 101% => OK
Chars per words: 5.33576642336 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0685311056 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.84715512231 2.5805825403 110% => OK
Unique words: 155.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.565693430657 0.540411800872 105% => OK
syllable_count: 440.1 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 54.2825482206 49.2860985944 110% => OK
Chars per sentence: 132.909090909 110.228320801 121% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.9090909091 21.698381199 115% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.0 7.06452816374 156% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.152964151772 0.272083759551 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0561840179333 0.0996497079465 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0401150397107 0.0662205650399 61% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0806939990618 0.162205337803 50% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0301157576217 0.0443174109184 68% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.2 13.3589403974 121% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.99 12.2367328918 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.38 8.42419426049 111% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 63.6247240618 124% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 12.0 10.7273730684 112% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.