Passage:
Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves.
Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another, yet provide little reward to the one performing the act.In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life, to assist other members of their group.
The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In groups of meerkats, an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group, it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter. By standing guard,the sentinel meerkat gains nothing—it goes without food while the others eat, and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm, it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able to work together to fend off a predator. So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat’s group.
Listening Script:
You know, often in science, new findings force us to re-examine earlier beliefs and assumptions.
And a recent study of meerkats is having exactly this effect. The study examined the meerkat’s behavior quite closely, much more closely than had ever been done before. And some interesting things were found . . . like about eating habits . . . it showed that typically meerkats eat before they stand guard—so the ones standing guard had a full stomach! And the study also found that since the sentinel is the first to see a predator coming, it’s the most likely to escape . . . because it often stands guard near a burrow, so it can run immediately into the burrow after giving the alarm.
The other meerkats, the ones scattered about looking for food, are actually in greater danger. And in fact, other studies have suggested that when an animal creates an alarm,the alarm call might cause the other group members either to gather together or else to move about very quickly, behaviors that might actually draw the predator’s attention away from the caller, increasing that animal’s own chances of survival.
And what about people—what about some human acts that might be considered altruistic? Let’s take an extreme case, uh, suppose a person donates a kidney to a relative, or even to a complete stranger. A selfless act, right? But . . . doesn’t the donor receive appreciation and approval from the stranger and from society? Doesn’t the donor gain an increased sense of self-worth? Couldn’t such non-material rewards be considered very valuable to some people?
Que: Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, being sure to specifically explain how they cast doubt on points made in the reading.
Recently, there has been a ton of debate as altruism is really happening among human beings and some species of mammals. More specifically, in regards to the passages, the writer puts forth the idea that altruism definitely held by human's along with mammals. In the listening passage, the lecturer is quick to point out there are some serious flaws in the writer's claims. In fact, the professor believes that according to some scientist altruism is a just term which not used among people as well as animals.
First and foremost, the author of the reading states that one animal called meercat is staying to warn his members of group about predator while rest of them are desperately eating the prey. Some professionalist in the same field, however, stand in firm opposition to this claim. In the listening, the professor states instead of staying and warning other animals they are eat first. He goes on to say that meerkat are not going to make altruism.
One group of scholars, represented by the writer, think that sentinental one species of mammals is remaining in his position while his other animals are abondoning the place when seeing that predator is approaching. Whereas the professor claims that sentinental is most likely to first escape when it wil see the predator.
Finally. the author wraps his argument by positing that altruism is also most common in human being by helping some strangers with his require for supply. Although the lecturer takes issue in his hands and says that donor's are sacrificing their own organs or blood in case of any benefits they will acquire for themselves not for nothing in return.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-10 | faisalaldebei | 70 | view |
| 2020-01-03 | IceGreenTea31 | 75 | view |
| 2020-01-02 | Rupak | 73 | view |
| 2019-12-24 | AdiAlarcon22 | 80 | view |
| 2019-12-24 | Manu2525 | 70 | view |
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- Passage:Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves.Examples of a 80
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 142, Rule ID: IN_REGARD_TO[1]
Message: Use simply 'regarding' or 'with regard to'.
Suggestion: regarding; with regard to
... species of mammals. More specifically, in regards to the passages, the writer puts forth the...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 375, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'eaten'.
Suggestion: eaten
...ying and warning other animals they are eat first. He goes on to say that meerkat a...
^^^
Line 5, column 218, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Whereas” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...en seeing that predator is approaching. Whereas the professor claims that sentinental i...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 307, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[8]
Message: The proper name in singular (wil) must be used with a third-person verb: 'sees'.
Suggestion: sees
...most likely to first escape when it wil see the predator. Finally. the author ...
^^^
Line 5, column 325, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...st escape when it wil see the predator. Finally. the author wraps his argument ...
^^^^
Line 7, column 2, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Finally,
...cape when it wil see the predator. Finally. the author wraps his argument by posit...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 11, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
... it wil see the predator. Finally. the author wraps his argument by positing t...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, however, if, really, so, well, whereas, while, in fact, as well as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1364.0 1373.03311258 99% => OK
No of words: 276.0 270.72406181 102% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94202898551 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.07593519647 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53751520327 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 163.0 145.348785872 112% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.590579710145 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 413.1 419.366225166 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 43.8148725384 49.2860985944 89% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.666666667 110.228320801 103% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.0 21.698381199 106% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.33333333333 7.06452816374 104% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.145295954921 0.272083759551 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0474227287716 0.0996497079465 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0293815470512 0.0662205650399 44% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0791286003797 0.162205337803 49% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.028643093385 0.0443174109184 65% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.3 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.67 12.2367328918 95% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.61 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 63.6247240618 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.