Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms. Polar dinosaurs.
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates. Leg position and movement.
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
Dinasours true nature is undaoubtedly one of the most curious thing amongst scientis. As the text saied, previusely dinosaurs had been regarded as reptiles. But now the text put into evidence that dinasaurs can be “endotherms”. That means they can maintain their body’s tempreture wether in cold or warm condtion. on the other hand, The lecturer rejects this opinion.
firstly, the reading passage speaks of the envidence provided by examining the dinasaurs fossils that have been found in polar regions. The text belives that only the animal that can tolerate such an environment is an endotherm. On the contrary the lectures rejects this reason by mentioning that the environment at that period of time was much more warmer than today and also reptiles like dinasours have the opportunity to migarate or hybernated like other reptiles.
Furthermore, the auther derives from the position of legs in dinasuars (under thier bodies) - that is crucial for such activities like running in endotherms- put them aside from reptiles with side legs. But the lectures cast doubts on this fact by speksing of the reason that, this postion is not neccasary for activities like running. The lecturer suggest that having the legs under the body make dinsaurs the ability ro tolerate more weight and conseqensly make them larger than other animals and this point can help them to survive against other animals.
Finally, the reading suggest that the bone structure of endotherms can help them to grow quickly and this phenonemon can also help dinasaurs to growh at a higher rate as an endotherm. The lecturer simply reject this fact by mentioning that the dinsaurs also have another bone structure named “growth rings” that are caused by the fluctuation in growth rates. This means that dinasaurs have the ability to wether grow slowly or rapidly due to diffrent living condtions.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-11-14 | TiOluwani97 | 80 | view |
| 2023-07-20 | guna | 73 | view |
| 2023-07-15 | nusybah | 85 | view |
| 2023-07-04 | Hrushikesh_Vaddoriya | 66 | view |
| 2023-06-14 | YasamanEsml | 90 | view |
- Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant For instance humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37 C no matter whether the environment is warm or cold Because dinosaurs were rep 85
- Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth century Dutch painters However there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him One such painting is known as Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet The pa 68
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 315, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: On
...reture wether in cold or warm condtion. on the other hand, The lecturer rejects th...
^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Firstly
...d, The lecturer rejects this opinion. firstly, the reading passage speaks of the envi...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 322, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...mentioning that the environment at that period of time was much more warmer than today and als...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 346, Rule ID: MOST_COMPARATIVE[2]
Message: Use only 'warmer' (without 'more') when you use the comparative.
Suggestion: warmer
...ronment at that period of time was much more warmer than today and also reptiles like dinas...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 347, Rule ID: MASS_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error - use third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: 'suggests'.
Suggestion: suggests
...r activities like running. The lecturer suggest that having the legs under the body mak...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 270, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ning that the dinsaurs also have another bone structure named “growth rings” that...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, firstly, furthermore, if, so, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1574.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 305.0 270.72406181 113% => OK
Chars per words: 5.1606557377 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.17902490978 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61953739485 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 167.0 145.348785872 115% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.547540983607 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 480.6 419.366225166 115% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 58.9287445885 49.2860985944 120% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.428571429 110.228320801 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.7857142857 21.698381199 100% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.5 7.06452816374 92% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.129887537722 0.272083759551 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.050691299974 0.0996497079465 51% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.063520875753 0.0662205650399 96% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0847538770056 0.162205337803 52% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0236574221777 0.0443174109184 53% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.8 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.65 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.61 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 76.0 63.6247240618 119% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.