Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold.
Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modern reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is, in fact, a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
The article asserts that it has been assumed dinosaurs are endotherms because there are notable evidences while the lecturer differs the idea and she states that dinosaurs were not endotherm.
Firstly, the passage asserts that one reason is the discovery of dinosaurs fossils in Polar Regions because only animal can cope with such a cold environment which can maintain their temperature higher than surrounding. The professor reject this evidence and she belives that Polar Region was warmer than today in the past, and finding the fossils can not support the idea.
Furthermore, the author contends that there is a direct link between the position of legs with being endothermy. The position of dinosaurs' legs are the same as all modern endotherm and underneath the body and help them to running. on the contrary, the speaker underlines that this position of legs in the body of dinosaurs was helping them to support their weight because they were so large. and running is a physical activity that need high energy. so, dinosaurs couldn't provide this energy.
Finally, the passage claims that Haversian canals are another reason that can support the idea. the author states that these canals allow animals to grow quickly and this is endotherm creatures attribute. But, the teacher said that there is also a growth ring, another evidence can reject the hypothesis. Because, the growth ring is a thick structure that show stop or slow status in growth of dinosaurs. she said the endotherms animals grow rapidly even in cool situations.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-11-14 | TiOluwani97 | 80 | view |
| 2023-07-20 | guna | 73 | view |
| 2023-07-15 | nusybah | 85 | view |
| 2023-07-04 | Hrushikesh_Vaddoriya | 66 | view |
| 2023-06-14 | YasamanEsml | 90 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 236, Rule ID: MASS_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error - use third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: 'rejects'.
Suggestion: rejects
... higher than surrounding. The professor reject this evidence and she belives that Pola...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 13, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...n not support the idea. Furthermore, the author contends that there is a dire...
^^
Line 5, column 233, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: On
...eath the body and help them to running. on the contrary, the speaker underlines th...
^^
Line 5, column 394, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: And
...heir weight because they were so large. and running is a physical activity that nee...
^^^
Line 5, column 452, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: So
...hysical activity that need high energy. so, dinosaurs couldnt provide this energy....
^^
Line 5, column 466, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: couldn't
...ty that need high energy. so, dinosaurs couldnt provide this energy. Finally, the pa...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 97, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...other reason that can support the idea. the author states that these canals allow a...
^^^
Line 7, column 406, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
... or slow status in growth of dinosaurs. she said the endotherms animals grow rapidl...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, firstly, furthermore, if, so, while, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 20.0 30.3222958057 66% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1294.0 1373.03311258 94% => OK
No of words: 252.0 270.72406181 93% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.13492063492 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.98428260373 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47052414357 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 137.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.543650793651 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 397.8 419.366225166 95% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 49.4453257314 49.2860985944 100% => OK
Chars per sentence: 99.5384615385 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.3846153846 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.07692307692 7.06452816374 86% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.204108097927 0.272083759551 75% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0646196124395 0.0996497079465 65% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0705693924413 0.0662205650399 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.122530274567 0.162205337803 76% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0402322670503 0.0443174109184 91% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 13.3589403974 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.47 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.21 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 63.6247240618 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.