The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
"In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The argument concludes that UltraClean helps prevent serious infection to the patients and hence the diretor has decided to supply it to all the hand-washing stations in their hospital system. As in lab testing UltraClean was able to produced 40 percent better reduction in bacterial cells than the currently liquid hand soap in use. As we don't have enough information to tell for sure whether the director's conclusion is efficacious, without addresing these assumptions.
Most strikingly, the argument assumess that a greater percentage automatically indicates a greater numerical success result . This is mathematically untenable. The director merely assumes that a greater percentage reduction in the bacteria population means low infection chance. Futhermore, the argument apparantely assuems that the laboratory study results of this UltraClean liquid antibacterial hand soap is sufficient enough to believe that it's application in the day to day life will prove to be promising. As miscalculation here would completely undermine the argument's conclusion.
Secondly, just by following a successful result of the UltraClean test at single hospital in Workby, the director assumes that it will be beneficial to replace all the liquid hand-wash stations with UltraClean in all of their hospital groups. Perhaps, the UltraClean hand was able to work only on the particular set of bacterial cells that prevailed in that particular hospital in Workby. There isn't enough information available to assert for sure that it will be able to prove beneficial to fight against all the other kinds of bacterial infections. So on the basis of single result it might prove to be fatal to hastly change over to UltraClean. There might be a possiblity that the currently antibacterical liquid hand soap being in all other hospital actually efficently fights against the prevailing bacterial cells in those hospitals. Possible uninetended consequences need to be addressed before implementing such plans.
This brings us tho the final assumption: the director appears to believe that there will be no side effects to any person or alergic reactions of any sort upon using on the patients of the other hospital just because there was not single case detected during the testing period at Workby, there's no data or proof of this presented in the arrgument that helps us eliminate this assumption. If any one of the above assumption contained in the argument proved falsem the conclusion would be factually wrong and will seriouly undermines the director's conclusion.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 9 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 19 2
No. of Sentences: 16 15
No. of Words: 400 350
No. of Characters: 2129 1500
No. of Different Words: 204 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.472 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.322 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.972 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 165 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 132 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 104 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 79 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 25 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 14.366 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.312 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.321 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.321 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.074 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 1 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 194, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “As” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...hing stations in their hospital system. As in lab testing UltraClean was able to p...
^^
Line 1, column 341, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...urrently liquid hand soap in use. As we dont have enough information to tell for sur...
^^^^
Line 1, column 399, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'directors'' or 'director's'?
Suggestion: directors'; director's
...nformation to tell for sure whether the directors conclusion is efficacious, without addr...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 473, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...s, without addresing these assumptions. Most strikingly, the argument assumess t...
^^^
Line 2, column 124, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...cates a greater numerical success result . This is mathematically untenable. The d...
^^
Line 2, column 499, Rule ID: PROGRESSIVE_VERBS[1]
Message: This verb is normally not used in the progressive form. Try a simple form instead.
...on in the day to day life will prove to be promising. As miscalculation here would completel...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 513, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “As” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...to day life will prove to be promising. As miscalculation here would completely un...
^^
Line 2, column 567, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'arguments'' or 'argument's'?
Suggestion: arguments'; argument's
...ion here would completely undermine the arguments conclusion. Secondly, just by followin...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 395, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: isn't
...at particular hospital in Workby. There isnt enough information available to assert ...
^^^^
Line 4, column 290, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: there's
...ed during the testing period at Workby, theres no data or proof of this presented in t...
^^^^^^
Line 4, column 538, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'directors'' or 'director's'?
Suggestion: directors'; director's
... wrong and will seriouly undermines the directors conclusion.
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, hence, if, second, secondly, so
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 19.6327345309 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 12.9520958084 77% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 11.1786427146 36% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 13.6137724551 88% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 28.8173652695 101% => OK
Preposition: 57.0 55.5748502994 103% => OK
Nominalization: 17.0 16.3942115768 104% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2154.0 2260.96107784 95% => OK
No of words: 398.0 441.139720559 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.41206030151 5.12650576532 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.46653527281 4.56307096286 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.01887579993 2.78398813304 108% => OK
Unique words: 206.0 204.123752495 101% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.517587939698 0.468620217663 110% => OK
syllable_count: 675.9 705.55239521 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 4.96107784431 40% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.76447105788 68% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 19.7664670659 81% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 22.8473053892 105% => OK
Sentence length SD: 80.2490021355 57.8364921388 139% => OK
Chars per sentence: 134.625 119.503703932 113% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.875 23.324526521 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.5625 5.70786347227 45% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 11.0 5.25449101796 209% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 8.20758483034 110% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.67664670659 43% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.230582701332 0.218282227539 106% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0728784076381 0.0743258471296 98% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0750778948257 0.0701772020484 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.141393542542 0.128457276422 110% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0645878943752 0.0628817314937 103% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.5 14.3799401198 115% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 38.66 48.3550499002 80% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.8 12.197005988 113% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.39 12.5979740519 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.07 8.32208582834 109% => OK
difficult_words: 107.0 98.500998004 109% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 12.3882235529 69% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 11.1389221557 104% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.