The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
"In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of
UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than
did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test
of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer
cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group.
Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all
hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the
argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and
what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In the memo written by the director of a large group of hospital, it was concluded that Ultraclean liquid hand soap should be stocked all through hospitals' hand washing station in order to avert severe cases of patient infections. However, while the conclusion drawn by the director might hold water, it relies on several unwarranted assumptions, if not substantially evaluated, critically weakens the persuasiveness of the argument. Thus, the following three assumptions must be properly addressed.
First, the director assumed without proper evidence that the Ultraclean hand-wash is responsible for the sharp reduction in the cases of patient's infections. This might not be the case. It is possible that those patients are responding well to the medications administered to them in the hospital. Perhaps, those medication contains active components highly capable of curbing infections together with their causative agents leading to the observed decrease in cases of infected patients. If the above scenero proves true, then the conclusion drawn from the original argument is significantly hampered.
Secondly, similar to how the author related the declined patient infection cases to the use of Ultraclean hand-wash, the author illogically assumed that decisions can be made based on the evaluation of a group of hospitals. That is, the research made on a group can be used to make generalizations and predictions about another. It is possible that the cases of infections in that particular hospital might not be severe and that not all cases of the infections are adequate recorded. There is a potential that only those with mild cases of infection are subjected to the use of the antibacterial soap hand-wash and that those with complicated cases are bedridden with medications and are not able to walk down to the basin to use the hand-wash, which may not be true for other group of hospitals. If this is the case, then the director should evaluate researches based on different groups. Doing so would effectively increase the credibility of the argument.
Finally, even if the Ultraclean hand-wash is responsible for the dwindled cases of infections, she assumes without evidence that the concentrated solution of the Ultraclean liquid soap wouldn't have a corrosive effect on the patients. It is possible that the concentration of most liquid hand-wash is reduced because of the possibility of having an adverse effect on the patients. There is a potential that the concentrated constituents of Ultraclean hand-wash could harm the patients thereby aggravating the cases of infections- perhaps washing their hands with the liquid antibacterial soap could sap moisture out of their skin causing severe burns on the skin, thereby leading to more exposure to infections. If the above is true, then the argument is considered flawed.
In conclusion, the argument, as it stands now, is considerably flawed due to its reliance on several fallacious assumptions. If the director can provide evidences for the above listed assumptions and perhaps carry out a systematic research study, then it would be possible to fully evaluate the validity of the assertion that the frequent stocking of Ultraclean hand-wash in hospitals would avert severe patient infections.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-07-17 | Technoblade | 60 | view |
| 2023-07-14 | okazaki11 | 83 | view |
| 2023-02-05 | abhikhanna | 58 | view |
| 2023-01-31 | jimHsu | 50 | view |
| 2022-10-09 | Agbaje | 73 | view |
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 8 2
No. of Sentences: 20 15
No. of Words: 514 350
No. of Characters: 2705 1500
No. of Different Words: 220 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.761 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.263 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.972 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 200 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 173 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 136 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 87 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 25.7 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 13.803 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.65 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.323 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.515 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.084 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 308, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this medication' or 'those medications'?
Suggestion: this medication; those medications
...tered to them in the hospital. Perhaps, those medication contains active components highly capab...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 186, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wouldn't
... solution of the Ultraclean liquid soap wouldnt have a corrosive effect on the patients...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, then, thus, well, while, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 28.0 19.6327345309 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 11.1786427146 45% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 15.0 13.6137724551 110% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 28.8173652695 115% => OK
Preposition: 75.0 55.5748502994 135% => OK
Nominalization: 17.0 16.3942115768 104% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2763.0 2260.96107784 122% => OK
No of words: 513.0 441.139720559 116% => OK
Chars per words: 5.38596491228 5.12650576532 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.75914943092 4.56307096286 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.03951583788 2.78398813304 109% => OK
Unique words: 231.0 204.123752495 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.450292397661 0.468620217663 96% => OK
syllable_count: 858.6 705.55239521 122% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 4.96107784431 181% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 8.0 2.70958083832 295% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 20.0 19.7664670659 101% => OK
Sentence length: 25.0 22.8473053892 109% => OK
Sentence length SD: 85.6545387005 57.8364921388 148% => OK
Chars per sentence: 138.15 119.503703932 116% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.65 23.324526521 110% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.7 5.70786347227 82% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 8.20758483034 110% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.176262341188 0.218282227539 81% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0537123131848 0.0743258471296 72% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0592511797116 0.0701772020484 84% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.110439667714 0.128457276422 86% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0525340066417 0.0628817314937 84% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.8 14.3799401198 117% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 37.64 48.3550499002 78% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.2 12.197005988 116% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.28 12.5979740519 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.75 8.32208582834 105% => OK
difficult_words: 126.0 98.500998004 128% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 12.3882235529 113% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 11.1389221557 108% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.9071856287 118% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.