In 1938 an archaeologist in Iraq acquired a set of clay jars that had been excavated two years earlier by villagers constructing a railroad line. The vessels were about 2,200 years old. Each clay jar contained a copper cylinder surrounding an iron rod. The archaeologist proposed that the vessels were ancient electric batteries and even demonstrated that they can produce a small electric current when filled with some liquids. However, it is not likely that the vessels were actually used as electric batteries in ancient times.
First of all, if the vessels were used as batteries, they would probably have been attached to some electricity conductors such as metal wires. But there is no evidence that any metal wires were located near the vessels. All that has been excavated are the vessels themselves.
Second, the copper cylinders inside the jars look exactly like copper cylinders discovered in the ruins of Seleucia, an ancient city located nearby. We know that the copper cylinders from Seleucia were used for holding scrolls of sacred texts, not for generating electricity. Since the cylinders found with the jars have the same shape, it is very likely they were used for holding scrolls as well. That no scrolls were found inside the jars can be explained by the fact that the scrolls simply disintegrated over the centuries.
Finally, what could ancient people have done with the electricity that the vessels were supposed to have generated? They had no devices that relied on electricity. As batteries, the vessels would have been completely useless to them.
Both the reading and lecture discuss whether the copper vessels which found in lraq were use by ancient people as electricity generating batteries or not. The former argues that in reality the vessels were not used as electric batteries by ancient people and ,provide three possible reasons for support their points, but latter challenges each of these points.
First of all, the author of the passage asserts that unlike batteries, the vessels were not attached with some electricity conducts such as metal wires. However, the professor in lecture contends that this hypothesis does not hold true because if the vessels were actually
electric batteries, then people would probably generate the electricity. Infact, the archaeologist might people might overlook such vessels as electric batteries.
Secondly, according to the passage, the expert opined same like the copper cylinders which was discovered in the ruins of seleucia, the copper jars found in Iraq did have scrolls to holding scolls of sacred texts and not used for generating electricity. In contrast, the lecture objects this idea. She supports her points by presenting the example of copper cylinder might used ancient people in their local technique to generate the electricity through iron and so forth.
Finally, the passage claims that there was no devices that produced the electricity and as a batteries it might be fully useless. Nevertheless, like two reasons before, the professor in her lecture proclaims that this hypothesis is not feasible because the earlier people might generated electricity from them and got shocked by it. Indeed, they might use it as magic purpose or use as healing of diseases as same like today's medical field use.
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| 2023-03-14 | kevin1105 | 80 | view |
| 2022-12-27 | nikki07hung | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 64, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...cture discuss whether the copper vessels which found in lraq were use by ancient ...
^^
Line 1, column 260, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...electric batteries by ancient people and ,provide three possible reasons for suppo...
^^
Line 3, column 273, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...rue because if the vessels were actually electric batteries, then people would pr...
^^^
Line 8, column 59, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ge claims that there was no devices that produced the electricity and as a batter...
^^
Line 8, column 93, Rule ID: A_PLURAL[1]
Message: Don't use indefinite articles with plural words. Did you mean 'a batterie', 'a battery' or simply 'batteries'?
Suggestion: a batterie; a battery; batteries
...s that produced the electricity and as a batteries it might be fully useless. Nevertheless...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 8, column 416, Rule ID: AS_ADJ_AS[1]
Message: Comparison is written "as same 'as'".
Suggestion: as
...e or use as healing of diseases as same like todays medical field use.
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, finally, first, however, if, look, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, then, in contrast, such as, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1455.0 1373.03311258 106% => OK
No of words: 274.0 270.72406181 101% => OK
Chars per words: 5.3102189781 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0685311056 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.58618041903 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 153.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.558394160584 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 449.1 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 56.9403051195 49.2860985944 116% => OK
Chars per sentence: 132.272727273 110.228320801 120% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.9090909091 21.698381199 115% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.4545454545 7.06452816374 162% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0915085431934 0.272083759551 34% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.037392620192 0.0996497079465 38% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0274830785713 0.0662205650399 42% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0542745624747 0.162205337803 33% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0269645849525 0.0443174109184 61% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.0 13.3589403974 120% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.81 12.2367328918 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.92 8.42419426049 106% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.