Introduce a disease disorder in the digestive system

The stomach is the widest part of the digestive tract, shaped like the letter J, which is located in the anterior portion of the abdominal cavity in most vertebrates. The stomach is about the size of an average person’s two fists placed next to each other. The stomach has three main functions: storing food, mixing food with stomach juices to form chyme and and pushing chyme into the small intestine. Stomach ulcer is one of the most common digestive diseases today. This disease is not life-threatening but has a great impact on the patient's health causes dysfunction of the stomach.
When stomach ulcers happens
Stomach ulcers are sores in the lining of the stomach or small intestine. They occur when the protective mucus that lines the stomach becomes ineffective. The stomach secretes acid to activate the enzyme pepsinogen into pepsin, and at the same time secretes a thick layer of mucus to help prevent the stomach lining from being eroded, protecting the stomach from the effects of acid. However, when there is an abnormal increase in the secretion of acid and pepsin or there is a decrease in the secretion of mucus and bicarbonate ion, the acid will penetrate the lining of the stomach and cause ulcers.
A. Cause
The two main causes of ulcers of the stomach and small intestine are:
 Helicobacter pylori bacteria (HP): This is the main cause accounting for up to 50%. When infected with this type of bacteria, the stomach will be stimulated to secrete more gastric juice, the contraction activity of the stomach is also disturbed and causes stomach ulcers.
 Abuse of anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, pain relievers: accounted for 20-25% of the causes of the disease. These drugs cause the protective wall of the stomach lining to erode, creating favorable conditions for stomach acid to invade and gradually erode the stomach lining. For example: a class of painkillers called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Less common causes of stomach ulcers include:
 Unreasonable and unscientific eating habits such as eating at the wrong time, eating too full or being too hungry, skipping meals, eating too fast, eating greasy food...
 Stress and pressure for a long time cause intestinal function, stomach disorder, stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid, pepsin causes damage to the stomach lining, stomach spasms.
 Drinking a lot of alcohol: Drinking a lot of alcohol causes the stomach lining to be eroded, the stomach also secretes a lot of gastric acid and the stomach's activity is also disturbed. In addition, the digestive organs such as the liver, bile and pancreas are also increased pressure when drinking too much alcohol.
 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: This is a rare disease that causes an excess of stomach acid to be produced.
B. Symptoms
Signs of stomach ulcers are many, typically the following symptoms:
 Indigestion, also called dyspepsia: Indigestion causes pain or discomfort in the stomach area, difficulty in defecation, sometimes pain along the colon.
 Stomachache: This pain is sometimes described as a “biting” or “gnawing” pain. Some people may describe a hungry sensation.
 Nausea, vomiting: Nausea, vomiting up food is one of the symptoms of stomach ulcers that patients may experience. After the patient added food, even before eating, the symptoms of nausea and vomiting increased.
 Burping, heartburn: Symptoms of heartburn, burping are common symptoms that are common in people with stomach ulcers, especially in young people. In some cases, stomach acid burps up the pharynx, causing irritation to the throat, causing burning pain, prolonged coughing, discomfort, coughing more at night when sleeping.
 Stomach bleeding: Severe disease progression, fast-growing ulcers, erosion of the stomach wall, blood vessels will cause stomach bleeding.
“Some stomach ulcers go unnoticed and show no typical indigestion-type pains. These ulcers are less common and tend to be diagnosed after the ulcer has started bleeding. Some ulcers can cause a hole in the stomach wall. This is known as perforation and is a serious condition.”
C. Diagnosis
To treat the disease effectively, it is necessary to correctly diagnose the disease. To diagnose peptic ulcers, your doctor will ask about your medical history, family history, current medications or medication history, how the pain feels, where and when it happens, how frequent and long-lasting it has been. The doctor may then order some of the following tests:
 Endoscopy: Observing the lining of the stomach and duodenum, tissue biopsy to observe histopathology to detect the risk of stomach cancer.
 Stool or blood test: Determines HP bacteria and detects a common stomach complication (gastric bleeding). If the cause of the disease is an infection, a blood test will show an increased number of antibodies and white blood cells.
 Barium enema: This is a thick liquid that allows X-rays to be taken of the gut.
D. Treatment
The method of treating stomach ulcers needs to be combined with a suitable diet and activities to achieve the best treatment effect. Some of the medications prescribed by doctors to control this disease include:
 Using drugs to neutralize stomach acid: These drugs often contain magnesium hydroxide, calcium ...
 Antibiotics have the effect of killing HP bacteria, protecting the stomach lining, such as Pepto-Bismol.
 Drugs that have the effect of protecting the gastric mucosa, increasing the secretion of mucus. For example: misoprostol.
 The drug has the effect of inhibiting acid secretion, restoring ulcers, and minimizing the back diffusion of H+ ions, such as sucralfat.
Surgical treatment: Indicated by a doctor when medical treatments are not effective, the disease progresses seriously and causes complications of perforation, gastric bleeding, pyloric stenosis. “Surgery can include: removing the ulcer, tying off bleeding blood vessels, sewing tissue from another site onto the ulcer, cutting the nerve that controls stomach acid production”.
E. Prevention
To protect health and avoid stomach ulcers, everyone should take preventive measures early. Effective preventive measures:
 Reasonable diet: Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables, use vegetable oils, eat starchy foods. Avoid eating hard, greasy, spicy, salty foods, containing a lot of acid...
 Limit drinking alcohol, solid tea, coffee, carbonated drinks, stimulants.
 Do not smoke or avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.
 Eat on time, don't skip meals, don't stay up late, eat late at night.
 Always keep your mind relaxed, avoid stress and pressure.
 Always monitor your health status, when you have signs of illness, you need to go to the hospital for timely treatment.