Cetadone, a new therapy for the treatment of addiction to the illegal drug tarocaine, has been proven effective in a study by Regis Hospital in the western part of New Portsmouth. The study involved local tarocaine addicts who responded to a newspaper ad offering free treatment. Participants who received cetadone and counseling were 40% more likely to recover than were patients assigned to a control group and receiving only counseling. Conventional therapies have only a 20% recovery rate. Therefore, the best way to reduce deaths from tarocaine overdose throughout all of New Portsmouth would be to fund cetadone therapy for all tarocaine addicts.
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to determine whether the argument is reasonable. Be sure to explain what affects the answers to these questions would have on the validity of the argument.
The argument used above to conclude that the best method is to fund cetadone therapy for all tarocaine addicts throughout New Portsmouth needs to address three primary concerns before it can make a plausible conclusion.
First, 'is it really the best way?' and 'are all of the new Prosmouth tarocaine addicts represented by the sample?' should be answered. the passage mentions that this is 'the best way' without providing any evidence to support that any other method to reduce tarocine overdose induced deaths will be inferior to cetadone therapy. Furthermore it mentions 'all tarcaine addicts', again without providing enough evidence that the sample in the study was an apt representation of the general population of tarocaine addicts in New Portsmouth. Thereby, the over-generalization in both assumptions, that is the sample is a proper statistical representative of all the tarocaine addicts in new portsmouth as well as the assumption that cetadone therapy is the best way, if found to be false can negate the argument.
Second, the question 'did the patients come unbiased? and if they did not can there be any other explanations for the change?' should be answered. the sample consists of those addicts who responded to the ad, indicating that they were motivated to recovery even prior to the therapy. if it is generally known that patients receive counseling as a means of treatement for tarocaine addiction treatment, then in this case many varied cognitive processes but cetadone therapy, could have been the cause of better recovery rate. Consider for example, placebo effect, that is since the addicts expected an improvement with their addiction due to cetadone therapy, they got better because they assumed that they were getting better. it is very important to formulate a method to dispel all earlier biases in behavioural experiment for unbiased results. Thus, if the answers turn out to be contradictory, that the sample was not unbiased towards the therapy wil lead to abjuring the believes of the author.
Next question should be can the correlations here impeccably imply causation? the author assumes that correlation implies causation, that since the group with cetadone therapy showed improvement this implies that it was responsible for that improvement. there could have had been many other reasons like a change to routine due to the therapy which made it difficult to access the drug, or pressure from family and friends who expected improvement due to the new method. if the answer is found to be something other than cetadone therapy it would imply that the conclusion drawn by the author was wrong.
Taking the above three reasons into consideration, I believe, that the implicit assumptions made by the author in concluding that catedone therapy is the best way and that it should be funded for all the tarocaine addicts in new Prothmouth, should be questioned before taking the leap of faith and making the above conclusion.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.5 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 11 15
No. of Words: 480 350
No. of Characters: 2431 1500
No. of Different Words: 214 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.681 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.065 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.778 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 189 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 145 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 99 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 60 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 43.636 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 23.035 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.636 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.417 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.684 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.129 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 35, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: And
... First, is it really the best way? and are all of the new Prosmouth tarocaine ...
^^^
Line 5, column 43, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
...rst, is it really the best way? and are all of the new Prosmouth tarocaine addicts represe...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 113, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Should
...aine addicts represented by the sample? should be answered. the passage mentions that ...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 133, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...nted by the sample? should be answered. the passage mentions that this is the best ...
^^^
Line 5, column 325, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Furthermore,
...s will be inferior to cetadone therapy. Furthermore it mentions all tarcaine addicts, again...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 691, Rule ID: BOTH_AS_WELL_AS[1]
Message: Probable usage error. Use 'and' after 'both'.
Suggestion: and
...the tarocaine addicts in new portsmouth as well as the assumption that cetadone therapy is...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 54, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: And
...uestion did the patients come unbiased? and if they did not can there be any other ...
^^^
Line 9, column 126, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Should
... any other explanations for the change? should be answered. the sample consists of th...
^^^^^^
Line 9, column 147, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...ns for the change? should be answered. the sample consists of those addicts who re...
^^^
Line 9, column 284, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
... to recovery even prior to the therapy. if it is generally known that patients rec...
^^
Line 9, column 727, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
... assumed that they were getting better. it is very important to formulate a method...
^^
Line 9, column 867, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...r unbiased results. Thus, if the answers turn out to be contradictory, that the s...
^^
Line 9, column 922, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e contradictory, that the sample was not unbiased towards the therapy wil lead to...
^^
Line 9, column 957, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[8]
Message: The proper name in singular (wil) must be used with a third-person verb: 'leads'.
Suggestion: leads
...s not unbiased towards the therapy wil lead to abjuring the believes of the author....
^^^^
Line 9, column 978, Rule ID: BELIEVE_BELIEF[1]
Message: Did you mean 'beliefs' (noun) instead of believes (verb)?
Suggestion: beliefs
...ds the therapy wil lead to abjuring the believes of the author. Next question shoul...
^^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 25, Rule ID: SHOULD_BE_DO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'canned'?
Suggestion: canned
...he author. Next question should be can the correlations here impeccably imply ...
^^^
Line 13, column 79, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...ations here impeccably imply causation? the author assumes that correlation implies...
^^^
Line 13, column 255, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: There
...t was responsible for that improvement. there could have had been many other reasons ...
^^^^^
Line 13, column 472, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
...cted improvement due to the new method. if the answer is found to be something oth...
^^
Line 13, column 472, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “if” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...cted improvement due to the new method. if the answer is found to be something oth...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, furthermore, if, really, second, so, then, thus, well, for example, as well as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 30.0 19.6327345309 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 12.9520958084 100% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 22.0 13.6137724551 162% => OK
Pronoun: 39.0 28.8173652695 135% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 57.0 55.5748502994 103% => OK
Nominalization: 23.0 16.3942115768 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2497.0 2260.96107784 110% => OK
No of words: 480.0 441.139720559 109% => OK
Chars per words: 5.20208333333 5.12650576532 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.68069463864 4.56307096286 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.85328453521 2.78398813304 102% => OK
Unique words: 227.0 204.123752495 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.472916666667 0.468620217663 101% => OK
syllable_count: 784.8 705.55239521 111% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.76447105788 68% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 4.22255489022 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 20.0 19.7664670659 101% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 22.8473053892 105% => OK
Sentence length SD: 85.4917539883 57.8364921388 148% => OK
Chars per sentence: 124.85 119.503703932 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.0 23.324526521 103% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.5 5.70786347227 79% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 20.0 5.25449101796 381% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 11.0 8.20758483034 134% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 6.88822355289 44% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.67664670659 128% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.22956042385 0.218282227539 105% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0677922762261 0.0743258471296 91% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0658056813936 0.0701772020484 94% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.132647444486 0.128457276422 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0325188075134 0.0628817314937 52% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.1 14.3799401198 105% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 48.3550499002 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.197005988 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.18 12.5979740519 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.48 8.32208582834 102% => OK
difficult_words: 111.0 98.500998004 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 12.3882235529 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 11.1389221557 104% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.