Several recent studies have shown a link between health and stair usage. One recently completed study shows that people who live in stairs-only apartment buildings (that is, buildings without elevators) live an average of three years longer than do people who live in buildings with both elevators and stairs. A second study shows that elderly residents of buildings with elevators make, on average, twice as many visits to doctors each year as do residents of buildings without elevators. Furthermore, several doctor's offices are reporting that residents of stairs-only buildings scored higher than average on questionnaires administered to new patients, in which the patients were asked to rate several aspects of their own health (e.g., fitness, sleep quality, susceptibility to injury, etc.). The clearest explanation for these findings is that the moderate daily exercise required of residents who must use the stairs instead of elevators increases people's health and longevity.
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
The article shows a link between health and stair use. The author believes that more stair use will lead to a more healthy life. however, the author does not recognize all essential elements that could evaluate its own position. The conclusion can be explained by some other more convincible explanations.
Firstly, people who are more healthy certainly like to live in stairs-only apartment, becasuse they think it is good for them to go stairs everyday, they may seem such activity as exercises. On the contrary, people who live in buildings with both elevators and stairs could be sick alreday. that's why the people who live in stairs-only buildings live an average of three years longer. The author may mistake the casual relationship and wrongly draw the conclusion.
such explanation could also help tp explicate the second phenomenon, that is people who live in staris-only apartment visits to doctors for fewer times. only sick old people will choose apartments with elevators, they will surely go to the hospital more frequently because of their own healthy problems. When we consider further, if we find that some unhealthy elder people still choose stairs-only buildings, the only reason is that they are poor in economic and cannot afford the fee of visiting to the doctors.
Finally, we can use placebo effect to explain why residents of stairs-only buildings scored higher than average on several aspects of their own health. those who have chosen no elevators buildings are more possibly believe they get more exercises than other people, thus they adduce that they are more healthy. it is not seldom, after all many people, even if those residents without elevators in their apartments, are not willing to admit their physical condition is bad. But that not might be the case, on the one hand, stairs-only apartments are lower, normally five to six floors, the amount of exercising is not as much as they imaged, especially for residents of one to three floors. On the other hand, people live in apartments with elevators may spend more time on exercising because they may worry about insufficient exercises. after all, they have cars or bus for transportation and elevators for going back home. it is more possible for them to take part in exercising during their rest time. if we want to know two groups of residents further, which means the concrete healthy indicators of residents live in stairs-only apartments and apartments with elevators, the best way is through hosipital's examination rather than asking residents themselves directly.
All in all, the author ingnores several more reasonable explanations and make his or her own assertion. however, such assertion could be easily negatived and we still need to find more information and try to find the real reasonable reason for such situation.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 11 2
No. of Sentences: 13 15
No. of Words: 462 350
No. of Characters: 2311 1500
No. of Different Words: 220 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.636 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.002 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.626 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 164 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 120 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 89 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 69 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 35.538 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 22.572 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.769 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.369 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.639 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.175 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 130, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...r use will lead to a more healthy life. however, the author does not recognize all esse...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 140, Rule ID: EVERYDAY_EVERY_DAY[3]
Message: 'Everyday' is an adjective. Did you mean 'every day'?
Suggestion: every day
... think it is good for them to go stairs everyday, they may seem such activity as exercis...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 292, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Thats
...ators and stairs could be sick alreday. thats why the people who live in stairs-only ...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 292, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
...ators and stairs could be sick alreday. thats why the people who live in stairs-only ...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Such
...ip and wrongly draw the conclusion. such explanation could also help tp explicat...
^^^^
Line 5, column 154, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Only
...ment visits to doctors for fewer times. only sick old people will choose apartments ...
^^^^
Line 7, column 153, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Those
...on several aspects of their own health. those who have chosen no elevators buildings ...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 312, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...they adduce that they are more healthy. it is not seldom, after all many people, e...
^^
Line 7, column 838, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: After
...may worry about insufficient exercises. after all, they have cars or bus for transpor...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 925, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...tion and elevators for going back home. it is more possible for them to take part ...
^^
Line 7, column 1005, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
...t in exercising during their rest time. if we want to know two groups of residents...
^^
Line 9, column 105, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...ions and make his or her own assertion. however, such assertion could be easily negativ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, firstly, however, if, may, second, so, still, thus, after all, such as, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 19.6327345309 92% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 16.0 12.9520958084 124% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 11.1786427146 107% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 13.6137724551 103% => OK
Pronoun: 38.0 28.8173652695 132% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 51.0 55.5748502994 92% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 16.3942115768 67% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2371.0 2260.96107784 105% => OK
No of words: 462.0 441.139720559 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.13203463203 5.12650576532 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.63618218583 4.56307096286 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70345973748 2.78398813304 97% => OK
Unique words: 233.0 204.123752495 114% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.504329004329 0.468620217663 108% => OK
syllable_count: 737.1 705.55239521 104% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.76447105788 103% => OK
Subordination: 6.0 2.70958083832 221% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 4.22255489022 118% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 19.7664670659 106% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 22.8473053892 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 54.7063900806 57.8364921388 95% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.904761905 119.503703932 94% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.0 23.324526521 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.33333333333 5.70786347227 111% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 12.0 5.25449101796 228% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.67664670659 171% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.303916553769 0.218282227539 139% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.104004090049 0.0743258471296 140% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.117356648931 0.0701772020484 167% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.171826371214 0.128457276422 134% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.129725015644 0.0628817314937 206% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.7 14.3799401198 95% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 48.3550499002 102% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.197005988 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.47 12.5979740519 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.77 8.32208582834 93% => OK
difficult_words: 89.0 98.500998004 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 12.3882235529 69% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.1389221557 97% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.