At the end of the Triassic period 200 million years ago, there was a mass-extinction event that caused the extinction of more than half of all living species. It was this extinction event that allowed dinosaurs to become the dominant species for the next 145 million years. We do not know exactly what happened that eliminated so many species in a relatively short period of time, but there are several possible explanations.
The reading and the lecture are both about a mass extinction event that happened at the end of triassic period. The author of the reading believes there are three possible causes for the extinction. The lecturer challenges that statements made by the author. she is of the opinion that none of them are good explanations.
First of all, the author suggests that the falling of sea level caused the extinction. it is mentioned that animals lived in shallows and coastol regions are destroyed, effection food chain worldwide. The argument is refuted by the lecturer. she says even though sea level were fluctuated at that time, declining of sea level happened gradually. animals could adapt to that gradual change. Furthermore, she argues that declining of sea level happened for several million years.
Secondly, the article posits that climating cooling was the cause. The article notes at the end of triassic period, volcanic activities took place and released sulfur dioxide. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by asserting that sulfur dioxide in atmosphere was present relatively short period, and it actualy still present. she elaborates on this by mentioning that it usually clears out and combining with water molecules in atmosphere falls as rain.
Finally, it is stated that asteroid striking happened. The author establishes that debris caused by asteroid strike can block sun for longer periods. As a result, plants died and animals starved. the lecturer, on the other hand, opposes by assuring that no crater that dated to such era has been found. she puts forth the idea that there is one crater, but it is dated 12 millions years before the extinction, suggesting it was not the cause.
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| 2020-01-17 | nusybah | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-14 | M.S 2019 | 76 | view |
| 2019-10-24 | p0uya | 65 | view |
| 2019-10-24 | Seema Modak | 71 | view |
| 2019-10-08 | mahan vahab kashi | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 200, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...ree possible causes for the extinction. The lecturer challenges that statements mad...
^^^
Line 1, column 260, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...ges that statements made by the author. she is of the opinion that none of them are...
^^^
Line 3, column 88, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...ing of sea level caused the extinction. it is mentioned that animals lived in shal...
^^
Line 3, column 243, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...he argument is refuted by the lecturer. she says even though sea level were fluctua...
^^^
Line 3, column 347, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Animals
...lining of sea level happened gradually. animals could adapt to that gradual change. Fur...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 463, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...lining of sea level happened for several million years. Secondly, the article p...
^^
Line 5, column 326, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...t period, and it actualy still present. she elaborates on this by mentioning that i...
^^^
Line 7, column 198, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...esult, plants died and animals starved. the lecturer, on the other hand, opposes by...
^^^
Line 7, column 305, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
... that dated to such era has been found. she puts forth the idea that there is one c...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, furthermore, however, second, secondly, still, as a result, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1427.0 1373.03311258 104% => OK
No of words: 278.0 270.72406181 103% => OK
Chars per words: 5.13309352518 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.08329915638 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57630309007 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 164.0 145.348785872 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.589928057554 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 433.8 419.366225166 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 31.7905193275 49.2860985944 65% => OK
Chars per sentence: 75.1052631579 110.228320801 68% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.6315789474 21.698381199 67% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.89473684211 7.06452816374 83% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 9.0 4.19205298013 215% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.19840378796 0.272083759551 73% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0482823799625 0.0996497079465 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0689531931882 0.0662205650399 104% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.108723369258 0.162205337803 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0538834808109 0.0443174109184 122% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.0 13.3589403974 75% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 57.27 53.8541721854 106% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.8 11.0289183223 80% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.88 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.05 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 83.0 63.6247240618 130% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 61.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.