Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus' surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus’ surface, and the planet’s atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet’s surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds. Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
According to the passage, it is impossible to create a temporary colony of human beings on Venus unlike Mars or the Moon, because this planet has some great unpleasant conditions for this. Otherwise, the lecturer controversies each of the point presented in the passage by saying that this might be challenging, but it is possible.
The first problem mentioned in the passage is that the pressure on Venus is severe for humans, because it is about 90 times greater than on Earth. Thus, people will be crushed as they reach the terrain. However, the lecturer says that the possible solution might be launching station 50 kilometers about the surface. On this height the Venus’s pressure equals to the Earth’s.
The next challenge presented in the text is that there is no water as well as oxygen which are extremely important to supply life of people. Though these things can be brought from Earth, it is quite problematic. The lecturer argues this point by saying that on stations people use other presented on Venus elements to create needed elements like water and oxygen.
One more problem is that there is little sunlight for using it as a source of electricity. It is mentioned that clouds are with the high density, and they reflect most of the light from the Sun. Again, the lecturer says that there is a way to resolve this issue. For instance, people can use this reflection, not only the direct light to power up cells. Moreover, the lecturer provides the fact that the clouds are not so packed on the height of 50 kilometers.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 462, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... packed on the height of 50 kilometers.
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, if, moreover, so, thus, well, for instance, as well as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 10.4613686534 182% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1293.0 1373.03311258 94% => OK
No of words: 267.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 4.84269662921 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.04229324003 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.58445420825 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 145.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.543071161049 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 391.5 419.366225166 93% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 37.8067049447 49.2860985944 77% => OK
Chars per sentence: 92.3571428571 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.0714285714 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.35714285714 7.06452816374 76% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.124991106289 0.272083759551 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0401833601806 0.0996497079465 40% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0414083876936 0.0662205650399 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0797125634865 0.162205337803 49% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0500672465685 0.0443174109184 113% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.9 13.3589403974 82% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.79 12.2367328918 88% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.89 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.