Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus’ surface, and the planet’s atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet’s surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds. Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
The proposal holds that maintaining a permanent human presence on Venus is certainly not without challenge, but not impossible. it put forth the idea of launching a space station that floats in the atmosphere of Venus instead of on the surface.
To begin with, the reading passage pointed out that the pressure at Venus' surface is more than 90 times that on earth. However, the lecture argues that if the station floats 50 kilometers above the surface, the pressure will be equal to that on earth, which certainly will not crush the station.
The passage also referred to the composition of Venus' atmosphere, which contains little oxygen or water vapor. But as it also mentioned, there are carbon dioxide, nitrogen and other chemical compounds in the atmosphere that can be transformed into water and oxygen through chemical reactions in the space station. So we will not have to transfer water or oxygen from Earth at all.
Furthermore, the passage announced that 60 percent of sunlight is reflected by the thick clouds in Venus' atmosphere. This will hardly become a problem because where the station floats the cloud is not very thick. Not only will the station be able to utilize the sunlight that directly hits its solar cells, but also it can take advantage of the sunlight reflected from the clouds below. Therefore the once-thought drawback becomes an advantage.
- Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.First, atmospheric 80
- The data from a survey of high school math and science teachers show that in the district of Sanlee many of these teachers reported assigning daily homework, whereas in the district of Marlee, most science and math teachers reported assigning homework no 69
- The following appeared on the Mozart School of Music Web site."The Mozart School of Music should be the first choice for parents considering enrolling their child in music lessons. First of all, the Mozart School welcomes youngsters at all ability and age 82
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Governments should spend more money in support of the arts than in support of athletics such as state-sponsored Olympic teams. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 86
- The following is a memorandum from the business manager of a television station."Over the past year, our late-night news program has devoted increased time to national news and less time to weather and local news. During this time period, most of the comp 55
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 129, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
... without challenge, but not impossible. it put forth the idea of launching a space...
^^
Line 13, column 388, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...nlight reflected from the clouds below. Therefore the once-thought drawback becomes an ad...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, furthermore, however, if, so, therefore, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 15.0 22.412803532 67% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1156.0 1373.03311258 84% => OK
No of words: 229.0 270.72406181 85% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.0480349345 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.89008302616 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.59726596779 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 130.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.56768558952 0.540411800872 105% => OK
syllable_count: 351.0 419.366225166 84% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 42.9017713326 49.2860985944 87% => OK
Chars per sentence: 105.090909091 110.228320801 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.8181818182 21.698381199 96% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.90909090909 7.06452816374 84% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.136159417893 0.272083759551 50% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0541717660981 0.0996497079465 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.079051059512 0.0662205650399 119% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0943806831274 0.162205337803 58% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0833164319338 0.0443174109184 188% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 13.3589403974 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.01 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.21 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 52.0 63.6247240618 82% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.