Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
The lecture points us about the possible solutions put foward in order to increase the possiblity of sending humans to Mars. The basic problems stated were the challenge of food,water and oxygen, the zero gravity environment and the hazardous radiaion challenge.
The food, water and oxygen problem is possibly solved by the hydroponics way of cultivation. The roots are grown on nutrient rich water which allows for the space traveller to grow their own food with added benefits of fresh air and also water collected by condensation of evaporation from plants. The problem regarding the zero gravity can be limited by the use of techniques which have been used thus far in various space voyages. The use of regular exercise helping you to stabilize the mass and supplementary intake of vitamins can go on a long way to reduce the density loss of the bone.
Furthermore, the challenge made by the hazardous radiation can be limited to innocuous levels if the proper monitoring system about the times when obnoxious radiations are produced. A small shield area just for times if such radiations are produced can be provided which does not necessarily add too much load to the ship.
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| 2020-01-18 | naziii | 3 | view |
| 2020-01-07 | 3dra | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-27 | Amirreza97 | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-16 | jeffhjz | 3 | view |
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- Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the projec 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 178, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , water
...oblems stated were the challenge of food,water and oxygen, the zero gravity environmen...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...and the hazardous radiaion challenge. The food, water and oxygen problem is possi...
^^^
Line 3, column 94, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... by the hydroponics way of cultivation. The roots are grown on nutrient rich water ...
^^^
Line 3, column 299, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...ondensation of evaporation from plants. The problem regarding the zero gravity can ...
^^^
Line 3, column 434, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...used thus far in various space voyages. The use of regular exercise helping you to ...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, furthermore, if, regarding, so, thus
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 4.0 12.0772626932 33% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 3.0 22.412803532 13% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 987.0 1373.03311258 72% => OK
No of words: 198.0 270.72406181 73% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.98484848485 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.75116612262 4.04702891845 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.71042777671 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 127.0 145.348785872 87% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.641414141414 0.540411800872 119% => OK
syllable_count: 315.0 419.366225166 75% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 13.0662251656 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 32.4381623246 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 123.375 110.228320801 112% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.75 21.698381199 114% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.25 7.06452816374 74% => OK
Paragraphs: 3.0 4.09492273731 73% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0711920409138 0.272083759551 26% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0312304014789 0.0996497079465 31% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0318785195583 0.0662205650399 48% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0474508096156 0.162205337803 29% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0179650105694 0.0443174109184 41% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 13.3589403974 108% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.9 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.69 8.42419426049 115% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Minimum four paragraphs wanted. The correct pattern:
para 1: introduction
para 2: doubt 1
para 3: doubt 2
para 4: doubt 3
Less contents wanted from the reading passages(25%), more content wanted from the lecture (75%).
Don't need a conclusion paragraph.
Read sample essays from ETS:
http://www.testbig.com/users/toeflwritingmaster
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.