Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds “quackers” (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines’ sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds.
The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female ocra whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a male are similar to those that the submarines were detecting.
A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squids are gaint marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity.
A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from some military technology, like another country’s submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectable by sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.
Between 1960s and 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines heard strange noises in North Atlantic and Arctic oceans, where they were patrolling. They named these sounds "quackers", the russian word for frog sounds, as they were similar to frog croaks. these sounds were moving very fastly around, and sonar probes failed to record any presence of an object or a creature. Several theories emerged to explain the origin of these sounds.
According to the text, Orca whales inhabited the area, and they may have produced these sounds during their courtship ritual, to attract males. On the other hand, lecturer tells that orca whales live closer to the surface whereas submarines make their patrol deep in the waters, so they shouldn't have encountered each other. Moreover, Orca whales cannot move so fast and they would be detected by sonar probes.
Second theory suggests that these sounds may originated from giand squid, an animal lives in the deep parts of the oceans. it doesn't have skeletal system and it's body is soft, this can explain how they weren't detected by sonar. lecturer states that squids inhabited the area for a long time, and they still live there. However, sounds lasted only for two decades, so it makes this theory unlikely.
Third idea is that russian submarines got the sounds unintentionally, from another military item or another submarine. text suggests these submarines could have some technology to conceal themselves. lecturer says such technology doesn't exist even now, and the submarines cannot move very fast.
Text suggest three theories including orca whales, giant squids, military equipment to explain the reason of the sounds, whereas lecturer claims these theories not sufficiant enough.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 259, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: These
...s, as they were similar to frog croaks. these sounds were moving very fastly around, ...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 288, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: shouldn't
...heir patrol deep in the waters, so they shouldnt have encountered each other. Moreover, ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 124, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
... lives in the deep parts of the oceans. it doesnt have skeletal system and its bod...
^^
Line 5, column 127, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...ves in the deep parts of the oceans. it doesnt have skeletal system and its body is so...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 203, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: weren't
...body is soft, this can explain how they werent detected by sonar. lecturer states that...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 229, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Lecturer
...lain how they werent detected by sonar. lecturer states that squids inhabited the area f...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 120, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Text
...her military item or another submarine. text suggests these submarines could have so...
^^^^
Line 7, column 201, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Lecturer
... some technology to conceal themselves. lecturer says such technology doesnt exist even ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 231, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...emselves. lecturer says such technology doesnt exist even now, and the submarines cann...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
however, may, moreover, second, so, still, third, whereas, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 24.0 30.3222958057 79% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1473.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 276.0 270.72406181 102% => OK
Chars per words: 5.33695652174 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.07593519647 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.49905201518 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 167.0 145.348785872 115% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.605072463768 0.540411800872 112% => OK
syllable_count: 436.5 419.366225166 104% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 2.0 8.23620309051 24% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 34.2295518846 49.2860985944 69% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.2 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.4 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.06666666667 7.06452816374 72% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 9.0 4.19205298013 215% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.27373068433 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.235564296601 0.272083759551 87% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0799605376115 0.0996497079465 80% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0773535611251 0.0662205650399 117% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.122065750247 0.162205337803 75% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0900154207153 0.0443174109184 203% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.9 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.69 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.88 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 76.0 63.6247240618 119% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.