The author of the passage and the lecturer in the audio both discuss about the powered flight of pterosaurs. The author asserts and present his theories that state the pterosaurs cannot fly. However, the lecturer contradicts the theories asserted by the author.
According to the author of the passage, he asserts that pterosaurs were cold blooded animals, which possess low metabolism. So, he asserts that pterosaurs had limited energy due to which they cannot fly. However, he implies that only the animals which possess high metabolism can fly. Similarly, the author asserts that weight of pterosaurs was very heavy that restricts the flight. Furthermore, he implies that pterosaurs cannot acquire powered flight because it possessed small back leg muscles, which was not strong enough for take off.
On the other hand, the lecturer claims that pterosaurs may be capable of the powered-flight. The lecturer asserts that pterosaurs possessed dense covered hair like fur, which would make the body of pterosaurs to cope with external environment temperature and consequently their metabolism would be enough for them to attain power-flight. Likewise, the lecturer asserts that even though the pterosaurs were very enormous, they possessed anatomical feature which make their bones hollow and light. Thus, ultimately their weight would light enough and pterosaurs could fly by flapping its wings.
Furthermore, as per the lecturer, birds possess hind limbs merely to walk. However, pterosaurs possessed walked on with all four limbs in order to push the ground, which enable them to take off easily.
- Agnostids were a group of marine animals that became extinct about 450 million years ago. Agnostid fossils can be found in rocks in many areas around the world. From the fossil remains, we know that agnostids were primitive arthropods-relatives of modern- 65
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In the past, young people depended too much on their parents to make decisions for them; today young people are better able to make decisions about their own lives.Use specific reasons and examples to 61
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Because modern life is very complex, it is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and organize.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 68
- TPO-47 - Integrated Writing Task Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered 73
- Agnostids were a group of marine animals that became extinct about 450 million years ago. Agnostid fossils can be found in rocks in many areas around the world. From the fossil remains, we know that agnostids were primitive arthropods-relatives of modern- 65
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 179, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...t his theories that state the pterosaurs cannot fly. However, the lecturer contra...
^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... the theories asserted by the author. According to the author of the passage, ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 405, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...that weight of pterosaurs was very heavy that restricts the flight. Furthermore, ...
^^
Line 2, column 446, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... that restricts the flight. Furthermore, he implies that pterosaurs cannot acquir...
^^
Line 2, column 581, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...muscles, which was not strong enough for take off. ...
^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...h was not strong enough for take off. On the other hand, the lecturer claims t...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 181, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...cturer asserts that pterosaurs possessed dense covered hair like fur, which would...
^^
Line 3, column 394, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...em to attain power-flight. Likewise, the lecturer asserts that even though the pt...
^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...aurs could fly by flapping its wings. Furthermore, as per the lecturer, birds...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 54, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... Furthermore, as per the lecturer, birds possess hind limbs merely to walk...
^^
Line 4, column 69, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ore, as per the lecturer, birds possess hind limbs merely to walk. However, pter...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
consequently, furthermore, however, likewise, may, similarly, so, thus, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1355.0 1373.03311258 99% => OK
No of words: 250.0 270.72406181 92% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.42 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.97635364384 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64678219731 2.5805825403 103% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.536 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 396.0 419.366225166 94% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 45.6236266218 49.2860985944 93% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.7857142857 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.8571428571 21.698381199 82% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.35714285714 7.06452816374 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 11.0 4.19205298013 262% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.30577979483 0.272083759551 112% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.116926020761 0.0996497079465 117% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0649528498026 0.0662205650399 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.17297086462 0.162205337803 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.098358940444 0.0443174109184 222% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.0 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.86 12.2367328918 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.7 8.42419426049 91% => OK
difficult_words: 51.0 63.6247240618 80% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.