tpo40
Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus’ surface, and the planet’s atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet’s surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds. Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
The reading and lecture are both about the possibility of the permanent resident on Venus. The author of the reading feels that there will be some difficulties for the presence of the human. The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author. He is of the opinion that human could be made possible permanent resident in Venus with the following reasons.
To begin with, the author argues that pressure of venus surface is 90 times greater than the earth. Moreover, the spacecraft could be crushed in this high pressure. The specific argument challenged the lecturer. He claims that it is true the pressure above the surface is high but if the spacecraft is established above the cloud the pressure is not a problem for the landing. Additionally, he says that the station will be floating 50 km above the ground like a balloon, so pressure will be the same as the earth.
Second, the writers suggest that the permanent station could not be possible because there will be an extreme scarcity of water and oxygen. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by mentioning that the venus atmosphere contains carbon-di-oxide, nitrogen, sulfur-di-oxide. He elaborates by bringing the points that carbon-di-oxide could be decomposed and by chemical process oxygen and water could be produced.
Third, the author posits that clouds of the venus surface are so thick and 60 percent sunlight reflects back. Moreover, power will be meagre for the equipment to mobilize. In contrast, the lecturer position is that the spacecraft will establish above the clouds, thus sunlight needs not to pass through the clouds. Therefore, by using reflected energy electricity power could be produced and this sunlight energy is enough for the human to survive.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 192, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...iculties for the presence of the human. The lecturer challenges the claims made by ...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, however, if, moreover, second, so, therefore, third, thus, in contrast, it is true, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 21.0 10.4613686534 201% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 12.0 5.04856512141 238% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1461.0 1373.03311258 106% => OK
No of words: 284.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.14436619718 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10515524023 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.79028579228 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 142.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.5 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 441.0 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 34.7301539552 49.2860985944 70% => OK
Chars per sentence: 91.3125 110.228320801 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.75 21.698381199 82% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.375 7.06452816374 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.317106331014 0.272083759551 117% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.107521722942 0.0996497079465 108% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0594023730708 0.0662205650399 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.19489746302 0.162205337803 120% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0155897702225 0.0443174109184 35% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.7 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.24 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.43 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.