Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns presented in the reading passage.
The reading mainly talks about the problems of sending human beings to Mars, while the professor disagrees with the ideas in the reading.
To begin with, the reading argues that the round-trip to Mars may take at least two years which is much longer than to the Moon. Therefore, the food, water and oxygen cannot be enough considering the capacity of space vehicles. However, the lecturer maintains that other relatively small equipment may help to carry such supplies. Also, astronauts can cultivate plants which can take in vapor and give out fresh air.
Besides, the reading mentions that it is harmful for astronauts to stay in the zero-gravity environment for so long a time and may result in severe physical problems. But the professor believes that astronauts have learned some techniques to adapt to the zero-gravity environment. And they can do regular exercise to strengthen their muscles and bones.
Furthermore, what is mentioned in the reading is that astronauts would be exposed to high levels of space radiation without Earth's magnetic field in space. At the same time, it is not likely to construct a shield for its weight. However, the professor contends that astronauts could only be exposed to the radiation occasionally and that they can stay in small shield area when they are exposed to dangerous levels of radiation.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-20 | f.jafary66@gmail.com | 80 | view |
| 2020-01-18 | naziii | 3 | view |
| 2020-01-07 | 3dra | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-27 | Amirreza97 | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-16 | jeffhjz | 3 | view |
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- People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences. 75
- The plans below show the layout of a university’s sports centre now, and how it will look after redevelopment.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. 61
- Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighbourhood or teaching sports for younger children). 73
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, besides, but, furthermore, however, may, so, then, therefore, while, at least, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1128.0 1373.03311258 82% => OK
No of words: 221.0 270.72406181 82% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.10407239819 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.85565412703 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.68433741725 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 132.0 145.348785872 91% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.597285067873 0.540411800872 111% => OK
syllable_count: 338.4 419.366225166 81% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 38.985693498 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 102.545454545 110.228320801 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.0909090909 21.698381199 93% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.90909090909 7.06452816374 126% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0730689355757 0.272083759551 27% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0263481569116 0.0996497079465 26% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0322907633621 0.0662205650399 49% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0425136793746 0.162205337803 26% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0206564812088 0.0443174109184 47% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.6 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.3 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.56 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 55.0 63.6247240618 86% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.