The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.
The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters' resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.
Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.
Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.
The article introduced the topic of what factors causing the rapidly declining sea otters population , as it plays an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem.The writer says that environmental pollution is causing this decline in sea otters population , whereas lecturer disagrees with it and attacks each of the claims made in the reading.
First, the reading passage says that water samples are tested for increased level of chemicals and it is likely to cause pollution :oil rigs and others industrial chemical pollutants are also nearby Alaskan coast which could be decrease the otter's resistance to life threatening infection.The professor believes there are flaws in pollution theory and says that there is chance that dead otters are eaten by predators and can't wash upto shore.
According to the writer,other sea mammals such as seals,sea lion also showing declining which indicates endangered the otters as well , also says that orca which is widely predator of only hunt large mammals like whale.The speaker refute this theory and says that due to human hunt of whales,to survive:it is likely that Ocra shift to small sea mammals like seals, sea lion and sea otters also.
Another reason why author feels is that pollution hypothesis could explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: because others remained stable .The professor in the listening passage is doubtful that this is accurate and suggests that the uneven pattern can be explained with location access , as orca predator can't access large shallow or rocky location which causes it to hunt otters in coastal area.
As you can see speaker and writer hold very different views for what causing decline of sea otters.
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| 2023-04-24 | sonyeoso | 70 | view |
| 2022-10-29 | Sumilak | 70 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 84, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'otters'' or 'otter's'?
Suggestion: otters'; otter's
...ctors causing the rapidly declining sea otters population , as it plays an important e...
^^^^^^
Line 1, column 101, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
... rapidly declining sea otters population , as it plays an important ecological rol...
^^
Line 1, column 170, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...cological role in the coastal ecosystem.The writer says that environmental pollutio...
^^^
Line 1, column 246, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'otters'' or 'otter's'?
Suggestion: otters'; otter's
...ollution is causing this decline in sea otters population , whereas lecturer disagrees...
^^^^^^
Line 1, column 263, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...ng this decline in sea otters population , whereas lecturer disagrees with it and ...
^^
Line 2, column 242, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'otters'' or 'otter's'?
Suggestion: otters'; otter's
...askan coast which could be decrease the otters resistance to life threatening infectio...
^^^^^^
Line 2, column 289, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...esistance to life threatening infection.The professor believes there are flaws in p...
^^^
Line 2, column 422, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
... dead otters are eaten by predators and cant wash upto shore. According to the writ...
^^^^
Line 3, column 24, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , other
...ash upto shore. According to the writer,other sea mammals such as seals,sea lion also...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 56, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , sea
...e writer,other sea mammals such as seals,sea lion also showing declining which indic...
^^^^
Line 3, column 134, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
... indicates endangered the otters as well , also says that orca which is widely pre...
^^
Line 3, column 219, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...r of only hunt large mammals like whale.The speaker refute this theory and says tha...
^^^
Line 3, column 231, Rule ID: MASS_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error - use third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: 'refutes'.
Suggestion: refutes
...nt large mammals like whale.The speaker refute this theory and says that due to human ...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 291, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , to
...nd says that due to human hunt of whales,to survive:it is likely that Ocra shift to...
^^^
Line 3, column 389, Rule ID: ALSO_SENT_END[1]
Message: 'Also' is not used at the end of the sentence. Use 'as well' instead.
Suggestion: as well
...als like seals, sea lion and sea otters also. Another reason why author feels is th...
^^^^
Line 4, column 143, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
... decline: because others remained stable .The professor in the listening passage i...
^^
Line 4, column 144, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...ecline: because others remained stable .The professor in the listening passage is d...
^^^
Line 4, column 291, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...rn can be explained with location access , as orca predator cant access large shal...
^^
Line 4, column 311, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...with location access , as orca predator cant access large shallow or rocky location ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, if, so, well, whereas, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1425.0 1373.03311258 104% => OK
No of words: 273.0 270.72406181 101% => OK
Chars per words: 5.21978021978 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.06481385082 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53943855836 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 152.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.556776556777 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 441.9 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 5.0 13.0662251656 38% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 54.0 21.2450331126 254% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 122.920136674 49.2860985944 249% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 285.0 110.228320801 259% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 54.6 21.698381199 252% => Less words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 8.6 7.06452816374 122% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 19.0 4.19205298013 453% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.271493627819 0.272083759551 100% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.145089663862 0.0996497079465 146% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0688821675458 0.0662205650399 104% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.145089663862 0.162205337803 89% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0688821675458 0.0443174109184 155% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 30.5 13.3589403974 228% => Automated_readability_index is high.
flesch_reading_ease: 16.67 53.8541721854 31% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 11.2 5.55761589404 202% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 24.4 11.0289183223 221% => Flesch kincaid grade is high.
coleman_liau_index: 13.88 12.2367328918 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 10.65 8.42419426049 126% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 28.5 10.7273730684 266% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 23.6 10.498013245 225% => Gunning_fog is high.
text_standard: 24.0 11.2008830022 214% => The average readability is very high. Good job!
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.