The passage and the lecture discuss whether humpback whales use stars to navigate or not. The author of the reading passage presents three reasons to claim that humpback whales use stars as signs to navigate. However, the lecturer believes none of the reasons could precisely explain that humpback whales use stars to navigate.
First, the author argues that humpback whales are smart enough to navigate by using stars. The lecturer argues against this reason and believes that there is not a connection between the intelligence and the ability to use stars for navigation. That is due to the reason that there are some other animals with a medium intelligence such as docks which use stars to navigate. As a result, the intelligence could not be a proof of this claim.
Furthermore, the reading passage holds the view that migrating in straight lines is another reason that humpback whales navigate by using stars. Nevertheless, the lecturer illustrates that migrating in straight lines has another explanation. Put simply, to move in straight lines animals should sense some external forces or objects. Moreover, the humpback whales have a part in their mind that can sense the Earth magnetic field. Consequently, humpback whales could use the Earth magnetic field to migrate in straight lines.
Finally, the reading asserts that spy-hopping, an action that humpback whales do in order to look at the sky, is another reason that humpback whales use stars. The lecturer opposes this reason by explaining that there are other animals that do spy-hopping that are not migratory. Additionally, humpback whales do spy-hopping during the day which there are not any stars in the sky. Accordingly, spy-hopping cannot be a satisfying reason to accept that humpback whales use stars to navigate.
- TPO-40 - Independent Writing Task Some parent offer their school-age children money for each high grade (mark) they get in school Do you think this is a good idea?Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 73
- TPO-41 - Integrated Writing Task Burning coal in power plants produces a waste product called coal ash, a material that contains small amounts of potentially harmful chemicals Environmentalists in the United States are concerned about the damage such harm 80
- TPO-26 - Integrated Writing Task The zebra mussel, a freshwater shellfish native to Eastern Europe, has long been spreading out from its original habitats and has now reached parts of North America. There are reasons to believe that this invasion cannot b 70
- TPO-40 - Integrated Writing Task Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would 73
- TPO-34 - Integrated Writing Task A huge marine mammal known as Steller’s sea cow once lived in the waters around Bering Island off the coast of Siberia. It was described in 1741 by Georg W. Steller, a naturalist who was among the first Europeans to see 3
Transition Words or Phrases used:
accordingly, consequently, finally, first, furthermore, however, look, moreover, nevertheless, so, such as, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1513.0 1373.03311258 110% => OK
No of words: 289.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 5.23529411765 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.12310562562 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.67025367081 2.5805825403 103% => OK
Unique words: 122.0 145.348785872 84% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.42214532872 0.540411800872 78% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 459.0 419.366225166 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 24.9120327352 49.2860985944 51% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 94.5625 110.228320801 86% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.0625 21.698381199 83% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.4375 7.06452816374 105% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 4.33554083885 208% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.379592093592 0.272083759551 140% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.156498158465 0.0996497079465 157% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.068123810897 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.254145873624 0.162205337803 157% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0238532078768 0.0443174109184 54% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 13.3589403974 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.82 12.2367328918 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.21 8.42419426049 86% => OK
difficult_words: 49.0 63.6247240618 77% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 65.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 19.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.