The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In the recent letter to the editor of a national aeronautica magazine, the author mentions to invest in unmanned space flight rather than in manned space flight. He came to this conclusion based on the evidences that manned space flight is costly and dangerous, and the recent success of the unmanned space probes. Althought the claim seems plausible at first, in deep study it lacks evidences. So, futher informations are required to check the viability of the claim.
The author states that the manned space flights are costly and risky but didn't provide any evidences to prop up the same. For instance, the cost of the manned space flight might be slightly higher but the findings may be worthy of the cost. Also, the what are the risk associated with the manned space flights? If our aim is to settle humans in the other celesitial bodies then the risk might be worthy. If any of the above has merit then the argument falls apart.
Similarly, the author hasn't mentioned any information regarding the space flights. What are the main reasons to send the spaceships? If might be to search the extraterrestrial living beings. Or, it might be to find the suitability of the other planets for habitat. If these are the reasons then to send the manned space flights may be of great use. And also, if any of these have merit then the argument as a whole doesn't hold water.
In addition, the author lacks to provide explictly the type of success with the unmanned probes. He mentioned the great deal of information was gathered. But, it might be more useful to send manned space flights. Also, we are unaware of the distance of the space flight from the earth. If the plan is to reach far distant planets like mars, then it might be helpful to send the manned space flight than the unmanned ones. If any of these hold true, then the argument as a whole is significantly weakened.
In sum, the argument as a whole is based on many unwarrented assumptions and the evidence provided are inadequate as mentioned above. So, the aforementioned evidences in the form of systematic research are necessary to analyze the practicability of the claim to invest on the unmanned space flight.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 11 2
No. of Sentences: 23 15
No. of Words: 383 350
No. of Characters: 1753 1500
No. of Different Words: 165 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.424 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.577 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.533 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 115 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 73 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 55 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 32 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 16.652 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 5.88 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.739 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.321 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.498 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.098 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 74, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
... space flights are costly and risky but didnt provide any evidences to prop up the sa...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 312, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...sociated with the manned space flights? If our aim is to settle humans in the othe...
^^
Line 3, column 405, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...l bodies then the risk might be worthy. If any of the above has merit then the arg...
^^
Line 5, column 23, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: hasn't
... falls apart. Similarly, the author hasnt mentioned any information regarding the...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 134, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...he main reasons to send the spaceships? If might be to search the extraterrestrial...
^^
Line 5, column 266, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...ility of the other planets for habitat. If these are the reasons then to send the ...
^^
Line 5, column 416, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...have merit then the argument as a whole doesnt hold water. In addition, the author ...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, if, may, regarding, similarly, so, then, for instance, in addition
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 22.0 19.6327345309 112% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 12.9520958084 62% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 2.0 13.6137724551 15% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 14.0 28.8173652695 49% => OK
Preposition: 52.0 55.5748502994 94% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 16.3942115768 61% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1808.0 2260.96107784 80% => OK
No of words: 380.0 441.139720559 86% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.75789473684 5.12650576532 93% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.41515443553 4.56307096286 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.58095517975 2.78398813304 93% => OK
Unique words: 165.0 204.123752495 81% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.434210526316 0.468620217663 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 567.0 705.55239521 80% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.76447105788 91% => OK
Subordination: 7.0 2.70958083832 258% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 23.0 19.7664670659 116% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 22.8473053892 70% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 34.4368686237 57.8364921388 60% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 78.6086956522 119.503703932 66% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.5217391304 23.324526521 71% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.65217391304 5.70786347227 64% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 5.25449101796 133% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 8.20758483034 122% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.67664670659 171% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.306428631822 0.218282227539 140% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0925113981758 0.0743258471296 124% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0973979983342 0.0701772020484 139% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.188460130614 0.128457276422 147% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.088286045185 0.0628817314937 140% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.2 14.3799401198 64% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 48.3550499002 132% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 12.197005988 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.03 12.5979740519 80% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.42 8.32208582834 89% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 98.500998004 73% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 11.1389221557 75% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.