The article states that there's several arguments made against whether Pterosaurs had the ability of powered flight or whether they were able only to glide, and gave three reasons of support. However, the professor explains that Pterosaurs may be capable of powered flight and refutes each of the author's reasons.
First, the reading claims that cold blooded ancient reptiles like pterosaurs are cold blooded with slow metabolism, and thus can't produce high energy that would enable them to powered flight. The professor refutes that point by saying that pterosaurs had a hairlike covering like fur, whereby this enabled them to have a metabolism very similar to warm blooded animals. So, this cover supplied pterosaurs with the energy needed to powered flight.
Second, the article posits that there are weight limits for animals to be able to power fly, and a very big and heavy animal like pterosaur is unable to do that. However, the professor opposed that point by saying that recent studies showed that pterosaurs had special anatomical features that made them exceptionally and unusually light in their weight. For example, pterosaurs had hollow bones rather than full ones, which enabled them to have low weight despite their body size, thus they were able to power fly.
Third, the article says that large sized pterosaurs could not be able to take off from ground, like birds usually do. So, enormous big pterosaurs would probably need big and powerful back legs muscles to be able to take off from the ground and power fly. The professor opposes that by saying that birds are different than pterosaurs and we can't compare them for the fact that birds only use two limbs. On the other hand, pterosaurs walked on four legs and they used all those four legs to push off the ground. It allowed them to run fast enough or jump fast enough to take off the ground and power fly.
- TPO-43 - Independent Writing Task Imagine that you are in a classroom or a meeting. The teacher or the meeting leader says something incorrect In your opinion, which of the following is the best thing to do?-Interrupt and correct the mistake right away-Wa 60
- TPO-42 - Independent Writing Task Workers are more satisfied when they have many different types of tasks to do during the workday than when they do similar tasks all day long.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 70
- TPO 33:Agree/Disagree:When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, students will learn much more effectively than ask them to do alone. 80
- TPO-33 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, the students learn much more effectively than when they are asked to work alone on projects.Use spe 60
- TPO-24 - Integrated Writing Task Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently 81
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 25, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: there's
The article states that theres several arguments made against whether ...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 126, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
... blooded with slow metabolism, and thus cant produce high energy that would enable t...
^^^^
Line 7, column 318, Rule ID: RATHER_THEN[2]
Message: Did you mean 'different 'from''? 'Different than' is often considered colloquial style.
Suggestion: from
...that by saying that birds are different than pterosaurs and we cant compare them for...
^^^^
Line 7, column 341, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...ds are different than pterosaurs and we cant compare them for the fact that birds on...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, if, may, second, so, third, thus, for example, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 7.30242825607 178% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 22.412803532 143% => OK
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalization wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1571.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 320.0 270.72406181 118% => OK
Chars per words: 4.909375 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.22948505376 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.20776107955 2.5805825403 86% => OK
Unique words: 167.0 145.348785872 115% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.521875 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 475.2 419.366225166 113% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 37.5020315032 49.2860985944 76% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.846153846 110.228320801 110% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.6153846154 21.698381199 113% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.15384615385 7.06452816374 87% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 4.33554083885 231% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.122432555074 0.272083759551 45% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0541725787289 0.0996497079465 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.04104742613 0.0662205650399 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0770933422308 0.162205337803 48% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0318830294993 0.0443174109184 72% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.0 13.3589403974 105% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.49 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.84 8.42419426049 93% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.