"The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight.""
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The author of the prompt above believes that we should no longer invest our resources in manned space flights because of his assumptions regarding high costs and the risk astronauts are put through. In result he argues that unmanned space probes are much more efficient in terms of gathering information without the costs and risks associated with sending men & women into space. He makes several unwarranted assumptions regarding manned space flight which does not give any clarity in support of his argument.
Firstly, although his recent report of successes show that unmanned space probes and satellites have proved useful in gathering information, there are no supporting evidence to what the survey set for this report is. Whether these reports re comparable to the sightings made in manned space mission. The authors suggests the great deal of useful information collected by unmanned space probes but fails to describe the kind of information or even the domain of it. The space exploration has many aspects ranging from exploration of the terrain, gathering information regarding the soil, air and water, therefore is unwise to suggest a vague statement like "unmanned space probes have helped in gathering information". The information here could have related to only one kind of space exploration and thus the author is naive to suggest that unmanned space flights are better than those manned ones.
Secondly, it is not clear from the excerpt whether the costs involved in an unmanned space probe is higher or lower than that of a manned one. It only talks about costs involved which could be higher given the technology we need to put into space for it to function without human involvement. Moreover, to the common readers, it could look like more technology put in, more maintenance might be required thus increasing the costs of unmanned space flights.
Lastly, the author talks about the precarious situations we put our astronauts in by sending them into space, thus suggesting unmanned space flights. Astronauts are well trained and educated about their missions before they are launched into space, therefore reducing the chances of any mishap. Additionally, we as readers space travel might looks extraordinarily difficult and dangerous, it might not be so. We are not provided with any figures relating to mortality rates or accidents that have happened in space by the author, therefore it appears to be unwise to just believe that manned space travel is dangerous.
The author although wants to change the way space travels are made in terms of human involvement, he fails to provide supporting evidences for his argument. He also should provide information regarding the calibre of unmanned space probes in comparison to the manned travel, to make his argument stronger. In suggesting his assumptions without proper evidences he is urging the nation to invest in something that might be even more dangerous than effective.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2023-08-04 | DCAD123 | 50 | view |
| 2023-07-30 | BusariMoruf | 55 | view |
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 18 15
No. of Words: 475 350
No. of Characters: 2430 1500
No. of Different Words: 214 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.668 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.116 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.634 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 184 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 133 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 95 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 63 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 26.389 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 6.211 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.722 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.384 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.603 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.229 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 218, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Whether” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...what the survey set for this report is. Whether these reports re comparable to the sigh...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 313, Rule ID: AGREEMENT_SENT_START[1]
Message: You should probably use 'suggest'.
Suggestion: suggest
...de in manned space mission. The authors suggests the great deal of useful information co...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 729, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... helped in gathering information'. The information here could have related to ...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, if, lastly, look, moreover, regarding, second, secondly, so, therefore, thus, well, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 20.0 19.6327345309 102% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 12.9520958084 77% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 11.1786427146 98% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 13.6137724551 73% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 39.0 28.8173652695 135% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 73.0 55.5748502994 131% => OK
Nominalization: 20.0 16.3942115768 122% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2496.0 2260.96107784 110% => OK
No of words: 475.0 441.139720559 108% => OK
Chars per words: 5.25473684211 5.12650576532 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.66845742379 4.56307096286 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.76678359261 2.78398813304 99% => OK
Unique words: 225.0 204.123752495 110% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.473684210526 0.468620217663 101% => OK
syllable_count: 783.0 705.55239521 111% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 4.96107784431 181% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.76447105788 68% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 2.70958083832 37% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 19.7664670659 91% => OK
Sentence length: 26.0 22.8473053892 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 39.6454969965 57.8364921388 69% => OK
Chars per sentence: 138.666666667 119.503703932 116% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.3888888889 23.324526521 113% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.55555555556 5.70786347227 115% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 5.25449101796 57% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 8.20758483034 73% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 6.88822355289 131% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.67664670659 64% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.299794461176 0.218282227539 137% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.112105572135 0.0743258471296 151% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0412952307904 0.0701772020484 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.177263217918 0.128457276422 138% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0360727877834 0.0628817314937 57% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.5 14.3799401198 115% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.09 48.3550499002 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 12.197005988 110% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.47 12.5979740519 107% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.62 8.32208582834 104% => OK
difficult_words: 111.0 98.500998004 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 12.3882235529 109% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 11.1389221557 111% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.9071856287 118% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.