"Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
According to the letter to the editor, the author concludes that resources should be concentrated in space flights without humans to avoid precarious situation. The author comes to this conclusion based on "recent success" events associated with the use of unmanned space probes. While it might prove true according to the author, as it stands now, the author needs to address three unwarranted assumptions that could hamper the credibility and validity of its recommendation.
First of all, a possibilty that could reduce the credibility of such claims is that, the author, without justification, presumes that "recent success" of several unmanned space probes is indicative or representative of other successes in the past years. This might not hold true. It is possible that the previous years showed that there were not much risks encountered as it were thought to have happened. Even if it encountered some risk, there could be some limitations as to the importance of a human present to factor the possiblity of life present in the vast space.If the above scenario is true that the "recent success" is not a true representation of accounts of success rate, then the credibility of the author's conclusion is significantly reduced.
Moreover, a possibilty that could diminish the validity of such conclusion is that, the author, without verification, assumes that if humans are not allowed in space, there would be reduction in cost and risk. This might not hold water. perhaps, what if there are other factors, aside such assertion, are involved let's say, the robot used in question cannot be used to test for human life existence. Also,it is possible that climate changes and enviroment factors could affect the launch of the space jet.
If the above scenario is true , then credibility of the author's conclusion is considerably diminished.
Finally, a possibilty that could hamper the credibility of such asssertions is that, the author, without justification, presumes that manned space flight is dangerous. Perhaps, the premises through the data was assessed was faulty and wrong results were brought forth without proper tools to check if every conditions are safe. even if the tools were not faulty, it is possible that they were tired as at the time of assessing if it will be unsafe or not.
If the above scenario is true , then credibility of the author's conclusion is significantly hampered.
In conclusion, in order for the author to increase or improve the persuasiveness of his conclusion, he would need to provide answers to the aforementioned scenarios.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 3 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 6 2
No. of Sentences: 15 15
No. of Words: 418 350
No. of Characters: 2101 1500
No. of Different Words: 188 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.522 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.026 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.875 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 146 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 111 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 80 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 54 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 27.867 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 14.047 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.733 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.389 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.59 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.086 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 357, Rule ID: MUCH_COUNTABLE[1]
Message: Use 'many' with countable nouns.
Suggestion: many
...evious years showed that there were not much risks encountered as it were thought to...
^^^^
Line 3, column 582, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: If
...blity of life present in the vast space.If the above scenario is true that the &ap...
^^
Line 3, column 734, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...ccess rate, then the credibility of the authors conclusion is significantly reduced. ...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 238, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Perhaps
...st and risk. This might not hold water. perhaps, what if there are other factors, aside...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 405, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , it
...d to test for human life existence. Also,it is possible that climate changes and en...
^^^
Line 6, column 30, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...ace jet. If the above scenario is true , then credibility of the authors conclus...
^^
Line 6, column 57, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...nario is true , then credibility of the authors conclusion is considerably diminished. ...
^^^^^^^
Line 8, column 329, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Even
... to check if every conditions are safe. even if the tools were not faulty, it is pos...
^^^^
Line 9, column 30, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...e or not. If the above scenario is true , then credibility of the authors conclus...
^^
Line 9, column 57, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...nario is true , then credibility of the authors conclusion is significantly hampered. ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, if, moreover, so, then, while, as to, in conclusion, such as, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 31.0 19.6327345309 158% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 13.6137724551 118% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 28.8173652695 108% => OK
Preposition: 53.0 55.5748502994 95% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 16.3942115768 73% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2202.0 2260.96107784 97% => OK
No of words: 416.0 441.139720559 94% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.29326923077 5.12650576532 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.51620172871 4.56307096286 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.07973077552 2.78398813304 111% => OK
Unique words: 194.0 204.123752495 95% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.466346153846 0.468620217663 100% => OK
syllable_count: 685.8 705.55239521 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 4.96107784431 121% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.76447105788 126% => OK
Subordination: 7.0 2.70958083832 258% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 4.22255489022 166% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 19.7664670659 86% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 22.8473053892 105% => OK
Sentence length SD: 77.8529800662 57.8364921388 135% => OK
Chars per sentence: 129.529411765 119.503703932 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.4705882353 23.324526521 105% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.64705882353 5.70786347227 99% => OK
Paragraphs: 7.0 5.15768463074 136% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 10.0 5.25449101796 190% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.175369329229 0.218282227539 80% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0571167424173 0.0743258471296 77% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0603051370704 0.0701772020484 86% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0717654632283 0.128457276422 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0651458517198 0.0628817314937 104% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.7 14.3799401198 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 48.3550499002 97% => OK
smog_index: 11.2 7.1628742515 156% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.197005988 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.7 12.5979740519 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.47 8.32208582834 102% => OK
difficult_words: 96.0 98.500998004 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 16.0 12.3882235529 129% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 11.1389221557 104% => OK
text_standard: 16.0 11.9071856287 134% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Maximum six paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.