In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being influenced by past achievement within that field.
The famous scientist Newton once said if I had seen further, it was by standing on the shoulders of giants. It implies how great the influence the past knowledge and experience has on the present times. And the speaker claims that without the past achievement, we can not make any enormous contribution in that field. I mostly agree with this claim though it has some flaws.
I would like to share some of my understanding on human intelligence before elaborating on my reasoning. Humans are born with knowing nothing, and almost all the knowledge including basics facts, languages are taught by others when we are just toddlers. As we get older, we learn more about the ways of thinking, critical thinking, how to take in other's ideas and create something original. To some extent, human intelligence is similar to computer: without inputs and algorithms which tells the computer how to deal with the data, the computer will produce nothing, let alone something original; without knowledge from the past, no human can make significant discoveries or invention.
It would be easy to understand why the speaker claims that we can not make any great contribution if we are not affected by the past achievement from all discussed above. However, the speaker confines the achievements to that field, which I disagree with. For instance, the great physicist Max Plank who ushered a new field called quantum physics did not take in any past achievement from that field since he was the father of it. But, indeed he was enormously influenced by the classic physics in which he learnt the way of thinking, the rigor and honesty of scientists, and shining qualities, which are indispensable for his stunning discovery. What is more, scientist like Einstein who discovered special and general relative theory independently could not make it if he did not take in Lorenz transform. These examples illustrate that even the greatest scientists in the human history can not make huge contributions without being influenced by others' works or ideas.
Some people may argue against this statement that the past achievements may be wrong and these people indeed refuted or revised them. A particularly salient example is the Newton's second law, which is based on the wrong assumption that mass is constant and finally was overturned by Einstein. But, we have to realize that Einstein just modified the original equation by coefficient related to speed and he could not even notice its flaw if he did not familiar with it. In addition, the idea of the scientific demonstration in the course of developing the modified theory originally comes from the father of science Galileo.
To sum up, while the statement has some flaws, it basically aligns with my argument that no one could make a significant contribution unless he take in some past achievements.
- Governments shuold offer a free university education to any students who have been admitted to a university but who cannot offer the tuition 66
- Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. 83
- In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being influenced by past achievement within that field. 79
- Universities should require every student take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. 66
- Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times,and places. 83
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 17, column 145, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'he' must be used with a third-person verb: 'takes'.
Suggestion: takes
...ke a significant contribution unless he take in some past achievements.
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, may, second, so, while, for instance, in addition, to sum up, what is more
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 19.5258426966 87% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 12.0 12.4196629213 97% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 14.8657303371 94% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 11.3162921348 159% => OK
Pronoun: 46.0 33.0505617978 139% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 69.0 58.6224719101 118% => OK
Nominalization: 20.0 12.9106741573 155% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2386.0 2235.4752809 107% => OK
No of words: 471.0 442.535393258 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.06581740977 5.05705443957 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.65859790218 4.55969084622 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.80993685886 2.79657885939 100% => OK
Unique words: 242.0 215.323595506 112% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.513800424628 0.4932671777 104% => OK
syllable_count: 732.6 704.065955056 104% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59117977528 101% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 6.24550561798 160% => OK
Article: 7.0 4.99550561798 140% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 3.10617977528 64% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.77640449438 169% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.38483146067 91% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 20.2370786517 94% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 23.0359550562 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.0653809365 60.3974514979 85% => OK
Chars per sentence: 125.578947368 118.986275619 106% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.7894736842 23.4991977007 105% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.31578947368 5.21951772744 102% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.97078651685 101% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 7.80617977528 13% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 12.0 10.2758426966 117% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 5.13820224719 78% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.83258426966 62% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.247397981103 0.243740707755 102% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0775701825837 0.0831039109588 93% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0915930176911 0.0758088955206 121% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.138411579797 0.150359130593 92% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0895582888031 0.0667264976115 134% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.8 14.1392134831 105% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 48.8420337079 96% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.92365168539 111% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.1743820225 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.42 12.1639044944 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.58 8.38706741573 102% => OK
difficult_words: 112.0 100.480337079 111% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 11.8971910112 67% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 11.2143820225 103% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.7820224719 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 79.17 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.75 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.