Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
The article introduces the topic of views on dinosaurs were endotherms or not. The writer in the reading passage states three reason to believe that dinosaurs comes under endotherms whereas the lecturer refute this theory and attack each of the claim.
Firstly, writer states that dinosaur's fossil have been found in polar region, which led to one reason that they are active in cold climate and maintained the temperature well. The speaker disagree with this argument and states that polar region was warm enough as compare by today's polar temperature and it could be possible that dinosaurs were migrated or hibernated like reptiles in cold polar regions.Hence , according to leacture fossils discovery in polar region doesn't gurantee dinosaurs to be endotherms.
Also , reading passage points to the leg position of dinosaur which is below it's body and supports the idea that this physical position gives physical activity such as running, which is a strong suggestion that dinosaurs were endotherms. On the other hand, speaker believes that this physical structure had other benefits to dinosaurs such as giving support to big body size. Therefore, speaker suggests that leg position doesn't proves that dinosaurs comes under endotherms.
At last , writers supports his theory by saying that Haversian canals in dinosaur's bone is strong point to believe that it allows dinosaurs to grow quickly that is endotherm's characterstic whereas lecturer believes that dinosaurs have growth rings which thicken their bones and stop growing in cold region. So growing rapidly and then stop and again growing , that doesn't suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
As we can see both speaker and writer holds different view on the topic.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 150, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'dinosaurs'' or 'dinosaur's'?
Suggestion: dinosaurs'; dinosaur's
...age states three reason to believe that dinosaurs comes under endotherms whereas the lect...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 29, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'dinosaurs'' or 'dinosaur's'?
Suggestion: dinosaurs'; dinosaur's
...the claim. Firstly, writer states that dinosaurs fossil have been found in polar region,...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 404, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Hence
...ted like reptiles in cold polar regions.Hence , according to leacture fossils discove...
^^^^^
Line 2, column 409, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...ike reptiles in cold polar regions.Hence , according to leacture fossils discovery...
^^
Line 2, column 468, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...cture fossils discovery in polar region doesnt gurantee dinosaurs to be endotherms. A...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 5, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...rantee dinosaurs to be endotherms. Also , reading passage points to the leg posit...
^^
Line 3, column 422, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...ore, speaker suggests that leg position doesnt proves that dinosaurs comes under endot...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 441, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'dinosaurs'' or 'dinosaur's'?
Suggestion: dinosaurs'; dinosaur's
...ts that leg position doesnt proves that dinosaurs comes under endotherms. At last , writ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...nosaurs comes under endotherms. At last , writers supports his theory by saying t...
^^
Line 4, column 357, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
... rapidly and then stop and again growing , that doesnt suggests that dinosaurs wer...
^^
Line 4, column 365, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
... and then stop and again growing , that doesnt suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, firstly, hence, if, so, then, therefore, well, whereas, such as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 20.0 12.0772626932 166% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1456.0 1373.03311258 106% => OK
No of words: 273.0 270.72406181 101% => OK
Chars per words: 5.33333333333 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.06481385082 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.55104670253 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 145.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.531135531136 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 437.4 419.366225166 104% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 3.0 8.23620309051 36% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 27.0 21.2450331126 127% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 88.7595065331 49.2860985944 180% => OK
Chars per sentence: 145.6 110.228320801 132% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.3 21.698381199 126% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.5 7.06452816374 134% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 11.0 4.19205298013 262% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.169054368698 0.272083759551 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0719847790657 0.0996497079465 72% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0388331037215 0.0662205650399 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0854889406052 0.162205337803 53% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0447198798648 0.0443174109184 101% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.3 13.3589403974 130% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.07 53.8541721854 82% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.8 11.0289183223 125% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.93 12.2367328918 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.5 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 10.498013245 122% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.