Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity'a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
In the reading passage, the humpback always use the star to migrate long displacement. Hence the author points out three points about the evidences of the humpback use star to migrate. However, the professor believes that the views of the author is not real.
First of all, the author considers that the hunpback whales have high development of brain, so the hunpback whales have high Intelligence quotient, because they always use their brain to produce the echo. In stead, the professor deems that there were a large amount of animals use star to migrate like ducks. The ducks evolved ability of using star to navigate because ducks have to survive in the wild. In addition, there were not evidences to prove the ducks have high overall intelligence. Consequently, having high intelligence and migrating by star did not have direct relationship.
Second, the author deems that the hunpback whales migrate in straight line and use landmarks. On the other hand, the professor considers that the hunpback whales always used the magnetic field to navigate. Because hunpback whales have a special materials in their brain. There are some special relationship between the materials and magnetic field. In a nutshell, the hunpback whales used the magnetic field to navigate not star.
Finally, in the reading passage, the hunpbacks can watch the star when they float staright up. In stead, the professor believes that the Spyhopping is rare, and the sharks always used the Spyhopping when they prey. However sharks can not use the star. In addition, humpback whales often spyhop during the day, when no stars can be seen. In conclusion, the point of reading passage is nor true.
In the nutshell, the points of author are contradicted by the views of professor.
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- Like many creatures humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling In the case of humpback whales we may have found the answer they may be navigating by the stars much 73
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 88, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
... the star to migrate long displacement. Hence the author points out three points abou...
^^^^^
Line 1, column 222, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...te. However, the professor believes that the views of the author is not real. Fi...
^^
Line 3, column 206, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Because” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...ys used the magnetic field to navigate. Because hunpback whales have a special materia...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 229, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...eld to navigate. Because hunpback whales have a special materials in their brain....
^^
Line 3, column 246, Rule ID: A_PLURAL[2]
Message: Don't use indefinite articles with plural words. Did you mean 'material'?
Suggestion: material
...Because hunpback whales have a special materials in their brain. There are some special ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 215, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...ays used the Spyhopping when they prey. However sharks can not use the star. In additio...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... point of reading passage is nor true. In the nutshell, the points of author are ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
consequently, finally, first, hence, however, second, so, in addition, in conclusion, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 11.0 22.412803532 49% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1471.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 290.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 5.0724137931 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.12666770723 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57602824557 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 125.0 145.348785872 86% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.431034482759 0.540411800872 80% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 441.9 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 10.0 2.5761589404 388% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 32.3438931457 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 77.4210526316 110.228320801 70% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.2631578947 21.698381199 70% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.15789473684 7.06452816374 87% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 4.33554083885 208% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.201632621123 0.272083759551 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0710194513381 0.0996497079465 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0597997837651 0.0662205650399 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.104311752234 0.162205337803 64% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0557525873114 0.0443174109184 126% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.1 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 64.71 53.8541721854 120% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.0 11.0289183223 73% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.53 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.05 8.42419426049 84% => OK
difficult_words: 49.0 63.6247240618 77% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 88, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
... the star to migrate long displacement. Hence the author points out three points abou...
^^^^^
Line 1, column 222, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...te. However, the professor believes that the views of the author is not real. Fi...
^^
Line 3, column 206, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Because” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...ys used the magnetic field to navigate. Because hunpback whales have a special materia...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 229, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...eld to navigate. Because hunpback whales have a special materials in their brain....
^^
Line 3, column 246, Rule ID: A_PLURAL[2]
Message: Don't use indefinite articles with plural words. Did you mean 'material'?
Suggestion: material
...Because hunpback whales have a special materials in their brain. There are some special ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 215, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...ays used the Spyhopping when they prey. However sharks can not use the star. In additio...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... point of reading passage is nor true. In the nutshell, the points of author are ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
consequently, finally, first, hence, however, second, so, in addition, in conclusion, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 11.0 22.412803532 49% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1471.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 290.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 5.0724137931 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.12666770723 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57602824557 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 125.0 145.348785872 86% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.431034482759 0.540411800872 80% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 441.9 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 10.0 2.5761589404 388% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 32.3438931457 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 77.4210526316 110.228320801 70% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.2631578947 21.698381199 70% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.15789473684 7.06452816374 87% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 4.33554083885 208% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.201632621123 0.272083759551 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0710194513381 0.0996497079465 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0597997837651 0.0662205650399 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.104311752234 0.162205337803 64% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0557525873114 0.0443174109184 126% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.1 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 64.71 53.8541721854 120% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.0 11.0289183223 73% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.53 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.05 8.42419426049 84% => OK
difficult_words: 49.0 63.6247240618 77% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.