Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus' surface, and the planet's atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet's surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
Recently, there has been a ton of debate on the possiblity of human residence on the Venus as it is theoretically possible on the Moon and Mars. More specifically, in regard to the passage, the writer puts forth three different ideas. In the listening passage on the other hand, the lecturer is quick to point out that there are some serious flaws in the writer's claims and addresses, in detail, the trouble with each point made in the reading passage.
First and foremost, the author of the article states that because of high atmospheric pressure at Venus' surface, anything that lands on Venus, including humans will crush. Some professionals in the same field, however, stand in firm opposition to this claim. In the listening, for instance, the professor states that a floating ballon shaped space station could stands 50 km above the surface of the Venus. He goes on to say that as the pressure will decrease as the elevation rises, atmospheric pressure will be just like the Earth's surface pressure at the height of 50 km, so it would be tollerable.
Furthermore, on group of scholars, represented by the writer, thinks that because of the lack of water and oxygen existance on the Venus and the need for supplying them from the Earth, it would be impossible to defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus. Of course, though, not all experts in the field believe this is accurate. Again, the speaker addresses this point when he points out that with the use of chemical processes in the floating station mentioned above, scientists can overcome their need of oxygen and water.
Finally, the author brings his argument to a close by suggesting that The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment. Not surprisingly, the lecturer takes issue with this claim by contending that the amount of sunrise in 50 km above the surface of the Venus is high. So, by the use of solar panels, scientists can produce the electricity they need to power their equipments.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 363, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'could' requires the base form of the verb: 'stand'
Suggestion: stand
...ating ballon shaped space station could stands 50 km above the surface of the Venus. H...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, furthermore, however, if, so, for instance, of course, in regard to, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 5.04856512141 257% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 61.0 30.3222958057 201% => Less preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1722.0 1373.03311258 125% => OK
No of words: 355.0 270.72406181 131% => OK
Chars per words: 4.85070422535 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.34067318298 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64473891336 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 187.0 145.348785872 129% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.52676056338 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 523.8 419.366225166 125% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 27.0 21.2450331126 127% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 57.1742897488 49.2860985944 116% => OK
Chars per sentence: 132.461538462 110.228320801 120% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.3076923077 21.698381199 126% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.84615384615 7.06452816374 111% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.202528211982 0.272083759551 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0621981616319 0.0996497079465 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0550696926758 0.0662205650399 83% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.109134571756 0.162205337803 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0182966493587 0.0443174109184 41% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.1 13.3589403974 113% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.53 53.8541721854 98% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.6 11.0289183223 114% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.15 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.4 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 77.0 63.6247240618 121% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 10.498013245 122% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.