Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns presented in the reading passage.
Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
Both the author and the lecturer discussed the possibility of sending humans to mars. The author propeses the idea that this mission is impossible because of three reasons. however, the lecturer casts some serious doubt on this notion and provides number of counter-arguments in response.
To begin with, the author stated that the way to mars is longer than which to the Moon, about one hundred and fifty times. therefore, the amount of supplies, like food, oxygen and water, should be vast. On the contrary, the lecturer clarifies that astrunats can use Hydropanics. this material can be used instead of soil to cultivate plants. Consequently, after using this material for cultivation, it can be recycled an used as fresh water to drink.
Moreover, the reading and the lecture were at odds in another point. The reading put forward the idea that in the mission at mars astronuts will experience zero-gravity for a long period. As a result of this, they could be harmed from major health problems, like decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. however, the lecturer asserts that after many space missions, like space station ones, they learned many technics to solve those problems. For instance, they can use some minerals for their bone density and doing some exercise for their muscles.
Finally, the writer of the article explained the last thesis, which was the effect of solar radiations. In the writer's point of view, the spaceship that will be used in the mars mission, should be protected against solar radiations because at the mars there is no magnetic field like which is in the Earth. however, this protection shield will be heavy and can not be used in the spaceship. Yet again, the lecturer repudiates this one too. As she says, the solar radiations are only emitted in short periods of time. therefore, astronauts can use a monitoring system, and alerted when these radiations are available. after that, they can shelter in a small shield for a short time and then continue their mission.
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- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Leadership comes naturally: one cannot learn to be a leader. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 71
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 76
- TOEFL TPO 40- Integrated Writing Task 61
- Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns presented in the reading passage.Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been 60
- TPO 38 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 174, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...is impossible because of three reasons. however, the lecturer casts some serious doubt ...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 124, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Therefore
...oon, about one hundred and fifty times. therefore, the amount of supplies, like food, oxy...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 280, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
...ies that astrunats can use Hydropanics. this material can be used instead of soil to...
^^^^
Line 3, column 419, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'a' instead of 'an' if the following word doesn't start with a vowel sound, e.g. 'a sentence', 'a university'
Suggestion: a
...ial for cultivation, it can be recycled an used as fresh water to drink. Moreov...
^^
Line 5, column 310, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...sed muscle mass and lower bone density. however, the lecturer asserts that after many s...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 308, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...netic field like which is in the Earth. however, this protection shield will be heavy a...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 518, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Therefore
... only emitted in short periods of time. therefore, astronauts can use a monitoring system...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 618, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: After
...ed when these radiations are available. after that, they can shelter in a small shiel...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
consequently, finally, however, if, moreover, so, then, therefore, for instance, in short, as a result, on the contrary, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 5.04856512141 257% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1686.0 1373.03311258 123% => OK
No of words: 337.0 270.72406181 124% => OK
Chars per words: 5.00296735905 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.28457229495 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.56459488666 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 186.0 145.348785872 128% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.551928783383 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 513.9 419.366225166 123% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 9.0 2.5761589404 349% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 20.0 13.0662251656 153% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 32.3457493343 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 84.3 110.228320801 76% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.85 21.698381199 78% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.7 7.06452816374 95% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 13.0 4.27373068433 304% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.106952199563 0.272083759551 39% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0342055981345 0.0996497079465 34% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0340474203456 0.0662205650399 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0649649129591 0.162205337803 40% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0165760061275 0.0443174109184 37% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.5 13.3589403974 79% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.42 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.27 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 82.0 63.6247240618 129% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.