Summary
The main idea of both the passage and the lecture is about Pterosaurs being able to powered flight or not. With this in mind, the author mentions that this large and gigantic creatures were not able to fly and used their wings or glide and three episodes of arguments are provided. The lecturer, on the contrary, categorically refutes all the three evidence and explains that recent Pterosaurs were capable of power flight.
First, both the reading and the listening discuss the idea of cold-bloodedness of Pterosaurs and its relevance to their flying capability. In this line of thought, the passage maintains that because of slow metabolism of cold-blood animals, it is far-fetched that they could have produce a lot of energy to fly. The lecturer, on the other hand, states that the fossil of this animal revealed that they had dense, hairy coverage which is indicator of warm-blooded animals. The fur in these animals used to help them maintain high body metabolism and organize cold temperature. Accordingly, they should have been considered warm-blood animals and used the hair to supply energy.
Second, both the text and the talk put forth the idea of the weight of animals. In this vein, the author believes that because of their large scale, they could not fly and flap their wings. However, the lecturer points out that the anatomical feature of these animals shows that their bones are hollow and not solid ones to be heavy. Despite their enormous body size, the hollow bones made them light animals which enabled them to flab their wings and fly.
Third, both the reading and the listening materials talk about the weakness of the hind legs. In this regard, the passage explains that animals like birds fly using their hind leg which are pretty strong. Conversely, the lecturer states that there is a huge difference between birds and Pterosaurs. Birds use their two hind legs while they want to fly and launch; however, the Pterosaurs take advantage of all four limbs. Modern analysis of these animals revealed that they push off the ground using the four limbs and hence they have had no problem using the limbs to jump or to fly.
- Summary 3
- Do you agree or disagree?The opinions of celebrities, such as famous entertainers and athletes, are more important to younger people than they are to older people. 66
- Summary 3
- Summarise the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage. 3
- Do you agree or disagree?Governments should spend more money in support of the arts than in support of athletics such as state-sponsored Olympic teams. 73
Transition Words or Phrases used:
accordingly, conversely, first, hence, however, if, second, so, third, while, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 20.0 7.30242825607 274% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 42.0 22.412803532 187% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 44.0 30.3222958057 145% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1786.0 1373.03311258 130% => OK
No of words: 365.0 270.72406181 135% => OK
Chars per words: 4.89315068493 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.37092360658 4.04702891845 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.41397072153 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 181.0 145.348785872 125% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.495890410959 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 541.8 419.366225166 129% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 28.7145599227 49.2860985944 58% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 105.058823529 110.228320801 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.4705882353 21.698381199 99% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.58823529412 7.06452816374 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0 0.272083759551 0% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0 0.0996497079465 0% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0662205650399 0% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0 0.162205337803 0% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0443174109184 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 13.3589403974 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.08 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.75 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.