Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus' surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus’ surface, and the planet’s atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet’s surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds. Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
The reading passage states that living in venus is impossible and puts forward some reasons. However, professor in the lecture casts doubt on the points made in the reading and explains that a floating station in atmosphere rather than a station on the ground can solve these problems.
First, considering the article atmosphere pressure in venus' surface is far too much for human being. In contrast, the professor in the lecture explains that pressure in 15km above the surface is similar to earth where the floating station can locate without any trouble.
Second, the reading claims that since there is not any source of water or oxygen in the venus, they have to be imported from earth which is impractical. On the contrary, the professor in the lecture refutes the information presented in the reading and makes the point that water and oxygen can be produced by carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid which are available in venus' atmosphere, so they do not need to be imported.
Third, the author in the reading passage puts forward the idea that the amount of sunlight reaches the ground in venus is too much less than it is needed for solar power cells to be used. On the other hand, the speaker contradicts the idea by pointing out that this problem does not exist in the floating station which is 15km above surface. The clouds there are less thick and will block less sunlight than they do for the ground. Moreover, the reflected sunlight there can be used by human too. Therefore, human can have access to more than enough solar energy required by solar power cells in order to provide energy for whole station.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2020-12-21 | minafathi75 | 83 | view |
| 2022-11-28 | HSNDEK | 65 | view |
| 2021-12-03 | riri14 | 81 | view |
| 2020-12-26 | anjuchahal7 | 83 | view |
| 2023-06-25 | YasamanEsml | 65 | view |
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, moreover, second, so, therefore, third, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1361.0 1373.03311258 99% => OK
No of words: 281.0 270.72406181 104% => OK
Chars per words: 4.84341637011 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09427095027 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.32199792655 2.5805825403 90% => OK
Unique words: 137.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.487544483986 0.540411800872 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 413.1 419.366225166 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 55.2692881705 49.2860985944 112% => OK
Chars per sentence: 123.727272727 110.228320801 112% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.5454545455 21.698381199 118% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.36363636364 7.06452816374 133% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.126034127382 0.272083759551 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0551936668299 0.0996497079465 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0455542195375 0.0662205650399 69% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0746235756245 0.162205337803 46% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0279767033704 0.0443174109184 63% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.1 13.3589403974 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 54.56 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.09 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.91 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 54.0 63.6247240618 85% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.