The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine.
“A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night.”
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
Articles and journals are imperative resources in how people of society obtain important information. Author’s of such writing have a duty to ensure that they are providing the public with reliable information when informing the public about. In come cases, however, authors may forget to include evidence that is connected to its primary source. An author wrote a reflection of analysis on a recent study in which 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Concludingly, the author believes that the results of the study suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night. However, the author makes many stated and unstated assumptions that may prove their argument unwarranted.
When evaluating a study, it is important for an author to include information related to the targeted population, sample size, and variability of a study. Within the article, the author makes the unstated assumption that hiring professionals who need no more than 6 hours of sleep can help every business to prosper. We may conclude that the study is only representative of individuals who participated in the study; the sample of 300 male and female advertising executives who work for Mentian at select offices. A consequence of this argument, if the unstated assumption is proved unwarranted, is that many companies may come to the realization that they have been ineffective in choosing the employees they hire. The author also makes the assumption that there is variability within this sample since the study is representative of many Mentian advertising firms. Specifically, there is no mention of the amount of office firms that Mentian has in total and their reasoning behind why specific Mentian firms were chosen as samples. Consequently, readers may believe that the study may potentially be biased. The author does not include information related to the location of each firm, a part of the study or the health status of each subject. If each of these firms were located in the same city and consisted of employees that were similar in age and health status, the author's argument would not be reflective of all individuals out there who have jobs.
Within the article, the author does not include information related to a method of how research professionals’ obtained their responses from their subjects’. The author makes the unstated assumption that participants are honest when responding to the amount of hours they sleep at night. Author only states that advertising executives of the studied firms' responses to the amount of hours of sleep at night, which may make people question how researchers had obtained this information and how accurate the information may be. For example, researchers may have carried out this study by requiring participants to participate in an overnight sleep study. The data obtained from this scenario would have strengthened the argument since data would be obtained in a scientific manner. The method of how a study is carried out may also significantly affect the outcomes of a study. Case in point, the author makes the unstated assumption that individuals who slept less than 6 hours a night have significantly higher profit margins and faster growth than those who reported sleeping more than 6 hours at night. The author only states that profit margins and growth were higher and faster than those who slept more than 6 hours a night. Since the author didn't include the difference in profit margins and growth between people who sleep more and less than 6 hours a night, there is no way to verify how much more successful one group may be than the other. If there is little to no difference between these two groups, the results of the study may be insignificant if the study did not show a difference of significant deviation between each group.
Acknowledging variables such as gender and specific statistics related to each participant can have an immense impact among interpreting the validity of a study. The author deviates from this belief and makes the unstated assumption that gender had not been a variable that had an effect on the results of the study. It is mentioned that 300 males and female advertising executives at a specific company participated in the study but they do not specify if the results were more representative of one gender. For example, more men than women may have answered saying that they receive up to 6 hours of sleep on average per night and the results may be skewed towards how males with these hours of sleep perform for their company, which may have strengthened the authors argument if it had been acknowledged. The consequence of this unstated assumption on the argument may be that companies may not realize that they are being biased in deciding which people to hire to work for their businesses.The author also make the assumption that the average number of 6 hours of sleep is identical to the number of employees who have less than 6 hours of sleep. Within the article, it is stated that those employees who slept no more than 6 hours were more successful in the office; however, it is also mentioned that if businesses would like to prosper, they should begin to hire prospects who get less than 6 hours of sleep a night. The consequence of this assumption on the argument may be that some people may interpret the hypothesis of the study and the authors argument as the same thing.
As an author, it is important to supply the public with reliable information that can be refuted by including information from primary sources. However, the author may have come to their own conclusions within the study and did not analyze the study in entirety. The author states many assumptions and unstated assumptions of the argument and the argument depends on these assumptions and there are many implications of the argument if such claims are proved unwarranted.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 14 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 4 2
No. of Sentences: 35 15
No. of Words: 1019 350
No. of Characters: 4995 1500
No. of Different Words: 306 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 5.65 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.902 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.733 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 346 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 246 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 173 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 118 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 29.114 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 11.351 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.6 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.331 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.456 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.119 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 743, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ees they hire. The author also makes the assumption that there is variability wit...
^^
Line 3, column 1378, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...e similar in age and health status, the authors argument would not be reflective of all...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 759, Rule ID: IN_A_X_MANNER[1]
Message: Consider replacing "in a scientific manner" with adverb for "scientific"; eg, "in a hasty manner" with "hastily".
...e argument since data would be obtained in a scientific manner. The method of how a study is carried o...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 1250, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
... than 6 hours a night. Since the author didnt include the difference in profit margin...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 763, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...ompany, which may have strengthened the authors argument if it had been acknowledged. T...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 996, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...le to hire to work for their businesses.The author also make the assumption that th...
^^^
Line 7, column 1551, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...ret the hypothesis of the study and the authors argument as the same thing. As an au...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 302, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
.... The author states many assumptions and unstated assumptions of the argument and...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, consequently, however, if, may, so, then, for example, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 42.0 19.6327345309 214% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 32.0 12.9520958084 247% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 26.0 11.1786427146 233% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 47.0 13.6137724551 345% => Less relative clauses wanted (maybe 'which' is over used).
Pronoun: 69.0 28.8173652695 239% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 127.0 55.5748502994 229% => Less preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 44.0 16.3942115768 268% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 5086.0 2260.96107784 225% => Less number of characters wanted.
No of words: 1017.0 441.139720559 231% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.00098328417 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 5.64716189233 4.56307096286 124% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.80866684922 2.78398813304 101% => OK
Unique words: 313.0 204.123752495 153% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.307767944936 0.468620217663 66% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 1589.4 705.55239521 225% => syllable counts are too long.
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 23.0 8.76447105788 262% => Less articles wanted as sentence beginning.
Subordination: 6.0 2.70958083832 221% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 4.22255489022 118% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 35.0 19.7664670659 177% => OK
Sentence length: 29.0 22.8473053892 127% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 60.3860775953 57.8364921388 104% => OK
Chars per sentence: 145.314285714 119.503703932 122% => OK
Words per sentence: 29.0571428571 23.324526521 125% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.08571428571 5.70786347227 37% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 5.25449101796 152% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 13.0 8.20758483034 158% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 6.88822355289 145% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 12.0 4.67664670659 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.260513070563 0.218282227539 119% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0798902569462 0.0743258471296 107% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.105692121714 0.0701772020484 151% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.182894959798 0.128457276422 142% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.103124357033 0.0628817314937 164% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.6 14.3799401198 115% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 42.04 48.3550499002 87% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.6 12.197005988 120% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.31 12.5979740519 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.75 8.32208582834 93% => OK
difficult_words: 172.0 98.500998004 175% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.5 12.3882235529 117% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.6 11.1389221557 122% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.9071856287 126% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 30 minutes.
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.