The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The author mentions that they should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout their hospital system. However, several unsubstantiated assumption need support to further strengthen the argument.
The first assumption is that this laboratory study is highly reliable. However, the author must provide us with credentials to prove the author of this study having a great ability to make this conclusion. It is possible that this author is just a college student, and this study just a course report of this author. Therefore, the study may not have enough data and powerful analytical method to prove its reliability, and thus it may contain lots of errors. If these students just used Excel models to analyze this issue, and then we may not be able to believe the result of this experiment. If the author has a doctoral degree, and then we may be able to believe that this author has a professional ability to make this conclusion. Therefore, the author must provide us with more convincing proofs to persuade us to trust on this study.
The author assumes that there were fewer cases of patient infection in Workby. However, it was likely that there were other factors existing to influence the test. Other researchers might invent a curative drug to prevent these patients from infecting at the same. Thus, when these patients took this drug, they would become more resistant to bacteria. It was also possible that the environment of this hospital became cleaner because this hospital spent more funds to improve its environment, these patients were less likely to be infected by the bacteria. As a result, the author must tell us if there are other factors affecting the environment of this hospital.
The author assumes that other hospital will also obtain the same result as the hospital in Workby. However, it is possible that the hospital in Workby is more likely to success than other hospitals. Other hospitals’ scale may be bigger than the hospital in Workby, and thus it will cost ten thousand dollars per year to get the same effect as the hospital in Workby. If other hospitals really decide to adopt UltraClean, it may cause lots of seriously financial issues of these hospitals. Also, it is likely that other hospitals have fewer cases of patient infection than the hospital in Workby originally, so it will not be necessary to introduce UltraClean to other hospitals. As a result, the author must tell us if other hospitals will be suitable to apply UltraClean instead of keeping the original hand soaps.
UltraClean may somewhat help these hospitals’ problems of infection. However, the author must address the assumptions mentioned above to strengthen the argument.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, may, really, so, then, therefore, thus, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 19.6327345309 97% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 20.0 12.9520958084 154% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 11.0 13.6137724551 81% => OK
Pronoun: 52.0 28.8173652695 180% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 49.0 55.5748502994 88% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 16.3942115768 73% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2272.0 2260.96107784 100% => OK
No of words: 445.0 441.139720559 101% => OK
Chars per words: 5.10561797753 5.12650576532 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.59293186426 4.56307096286 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.68458358345 2.78398813304 96% => OK
Unique words: 196.0 204.123752495 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.440449438202 0.468620217663 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 711.9 705.55239521 101% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 6.0 2.70958083832 221% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 5.0 1.67365269461 299% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 0.0 4.22255489022 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 23.0 19.7664670659 116% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 22.8473053892 83% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 34.8869088387 57.8364921388 60% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.7826086957 119.503703932 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.347826087 23.324526521 83% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.34782608696 5.70786347227 59% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 5.25449101796 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 11.0 8.20758483034 134% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 6.88822355289 29% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.67664670659 214% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0981845502233 0.218282227539 45% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0371490466761 0.0743258471296 50% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0336060232213 0.0701772020484 48% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0608532651051 0.128457276422 47% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0304977150651 0.0628817314937 49% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 14.3799401198 86% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 48.3550499002 108% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 12.197005988 88% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.36 12.5979740519 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.84 8.32208582834 94% => OK
difficult_words: 92.0 98.500998004 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 12.3882235529 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 11.1389221557 86% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.9071856287 67% => The average readability is low. Need to imporve the language.
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, may, really, so, then, therefore, thus, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 19.6327345309 97% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 20.0 12.9520958084 154% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 11.0 13.6137724551 81% => OK
Pronoun: 52.0 28.8173652695 180% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 49.0 55.5748502994 88% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 16.3942115768 73% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2272.0 2260.96107784 100% => OK
No of words: 445.0 441.139720559 101% => OK
Chars per words: 5.10561797753 5.12650576532 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.59293186426 4.56307096286 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.68458358345 2.78398813304 96% => OK
Unique words: 196.0 204.123752495 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.440449438202 0.468620217663 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 711.9 705.55239521 101% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 6.0 2.70958083832 221% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 5.0 1.67365269461 299% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 0.0 4.22255489022 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 23.0 19.7664670659 116% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 22.8473053892 83% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 34.8869088387 57.8364921388 60% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.7826086957 119.503703932 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.347826087 23.324526521 83% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.34782608696 5.70786347227 59% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 5.25449101796 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 11.0 8.20758483034 134% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 6.88822355289 29% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.67664670659 214% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0981845502233 0.218282227539 45% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0371490466761 0.0743258471296 50% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0336060232213 0.0701772020484 48% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0608532651051 0.128457276422 47% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0304977150651 0.0628817314937 49% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 14.3799401198 86% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 48.3550499002 108% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 12.197005988 88% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.36 12.5979740519 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.84 8.32208582834 94% => OK
difficult_words: 92.0 98.500998004 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 12.3882235529 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 11.1389221557 86% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.9071856287 67% => The average readability is low. Need to imporve the language.
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.