Nature and Nurture on Identical and Fraternal Twins
The reading passage and the lecture both are about the effects of environment and genes on identical and fraternal twins. The author presents points showing how a similar environment leads to similar features in twins. The lecturer challenges the assumptions of the research studies and gives arguments to support her position.
To begin with, the author notes that twins who have identical genes develop similar behavior and characteristics even when brought up in different environments. The lecturer challenges this point by saying that the fundamental assumption to the conclusion of the study that genes are the cause of similar traits is that twins have experienced an equal environment. It may include the family upbringing, schooling, and behavior of others toward the twins. The resulting identical characteristics can be attributed to genes only when it is guaranteed that the environment around the twins is identical.
Secondly, the author points out the findings of the research study in which heredity was found to be a primary cause of certain personality features when the identical twins displayed more similarities pertaining to a specific characteristic than fraternal twins. The lecturer's counterargument to this point is that when identical twins show equal preferences toward something say, clothes or ice cream, it may be due to their genetic structures or it can be the result of the environment. To elaborate, she explains that parents tend to treat identical twins as a single unit, like two halves of the same body. They may provide the twins with the same clothing, ice cream, or inclination for doing the same activities. Such twins share the same environments. Thus, it is entirely possible that the same environment is the reason behind their shared characteristics.
To sum up, the author believes that nature and nurture both contribute to the similar behavior of twins, and their varying contributions can be assessed. However, the speaker presents arguments showing that it is unclear as to what extent these factors contribute.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 220, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...ent leads to similar features in twins. The lecturer challenges the assumptions of ...
^^^
Line 5, column 269, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lecturers'' or 'lecturer's'?
Suggestion: lecturers'; lecturer's
...haracteristic than fraternal twins. The lecturers counterargument to this point is that w...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, thus, as to, to begin with, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1747.0 1373.03311258 127% => OK
No of words: 326.0 270.72406181 120% => OK
Chars per words: 5.35889570552 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.24917287072 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.04827265861 2.5805825403 118% => OK
Unique words: 165.0 145.348785872 114% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.506134969325 0.540411800872 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 538.2 419.366225166 128% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 55.5887278742 49.2860985944 113% => OK
Chars per sentence: 116.466666667 110.228320801 106% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.7333333333 21.698381199 100% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.46666666667 7.06452816374 77% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.255210125889 0.272083759551 94% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0768674533312 0.0996497079465 77% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0609709719606 0.0662205650399 92% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.129289605083 0.162205337803 80% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0467695755854 0.0443174109184 106% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.7 13.3589403974 110% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 41.7 53.8541721854 77% => OK
smog_index: 11.2 5.55761589404 202% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.81 12.2367328918 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.5 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 63.6247240618 124% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 10.7273730684 107% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.