The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals. "In a controlled laboratory study of liquid hand soaps, a concentrated solution of extra strength UltraClean hand soap produced a 40 percent greater reduction in harmful bacteria than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During our recent test of regular-strength UltraClean with doctors, nurses, and visitors at our hospital in Worktown, the hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection (a 20 percent reduction) than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations, including those used by visitors, throughout our hospital system." Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The article in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals stated that in a controlled laboratory study of liquid hand soaps, a product called UltraClean has performed very well in the reduction of harmful bacteria. The article claims this on the basis of the performance of the concentrated solution of extra strength UltraClean hand soap which produced a 40 percent greater reduction in harmful bacteria compared to regular liquid hand soaps. The article also claims that the performance of regular strength UltraClean at their hospital in Worktown also reported 20 percent reduction in patient infection. However, these claims of the article are based on unwarranted assumptions and in order to evaluate the claims properly, evidence has to be provided for the two assumptions made by the article.
Firstly,it was stated in the memo that the study for the concentrated extra strength UltraClean was performed in a controlled manner. So, the results obtained in the study might prove to be false or only partially true when performed in the real world. If the UltraClean hand soap was used in a place where the conditions are highly worse compared to the laboratory conditions, it might prove fatal to the ones using the hand soap. Also, as the soap was highly concentrated it might chemically react with the person using it in a bad way and might prove dangerous to be used. So, evidence of the performance of the hand soap in real world conditions might prove useful for the evaluation of the assumptions made by the memo.
Secondly, the performance of regular-strength UltraClean at the Worktown hospital was being generalised with all the hospitals in the area. As it is known about the performance of the hand soap in other hospitals, it is not good to generalise about its performance. The performance of the hand soap on different kinds of bacteria is revealed and hence, the assumption made by the memo proves to be premature. If evidence was provided about the performance of the UlrtaClean hand soap on different kinds of bacteria and also in various hospitals across the area, it might be easier to provide an evaluation of the assumptions made by the memo.
In conclusion, the article in the memo has made some unwarranted assumptions which might prove fatal to the people using the UltraClean hand soap. So, if proper evidence concerning the performance of the hand soap under the various aforementioned categories is provided the claims and assumptions of the memo can be evaluated.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-08-27 | SanjanaB | 54 | view |
| 2023-08-03 | Ataraxia-m | 54 | view |
| 2023-02-08 | HSNDEK | 66 | view |
| 2022-09-29 | Ruthvik_542 | 58 | view |
| 2022-08-02 | aggy | 65 | view |
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 271, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... article claims this on the basis of the performance of the concentrated solution...
^^
Line 1, column 418, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...nt greater reduction in harmful bacteria compared to regular liquid hand soaps. T...
^^
Line 1, column 459, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... compared to regular liquid hand soaps. The article also claims that the performanc...
^^^
Line 1, column 671, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...these claims of the article are based on unwarranted assumptions and in order to ...
^^
Line 3, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , it
...umptions made by the article. Firstly,it was stated in the memo that the study f...
^^^
Line 3, column 526, Rule ID: IN_A_X_MANNER[1]
Message: Consider replacing "in a bad way" with adverb for "bad"; eg, "in a hasty manner" with "hastily".
...emically react with the person using it in a bad way and might prove dangerous to be used. S...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, firstly, hence, however, if, second, secondly, so, well, as to, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 19.6327345309 97% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 12.9520958084 62% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 7.0 13.6137724551 51% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 14.0 28.8173652695 49% => OK
Preposition: 70.0 55.5748502994 126% => OK
Nominalization: 21.0 16.3942115768 128% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2100.0 2260.96107784 93% => OK
No of words: 419.0 441.139720559 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.01193317422 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.52432199235 4.56307096286 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.94211581639 2.78398813304 106% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 204.123752495 78% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.379474940334 0.468620217663 81% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 659.7 705.55239521 94% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.76447105788 103% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 19.7664670659 76% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 27.0 22.8473053892 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 37.3035595561 57.8364921388 64% => OK
Chars per sentence: 140.0 119.503703932 117% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.9333333333 23.324526521 120% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.0 5.70786347227 105% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 6.0 5.25449101796 114% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 8.20758483034 122% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 6.88822355289 44% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.67664670659 43% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.377210772913 0.218282227539 173% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.152534165375 0.0743258471296 205% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.117314956382 0.0701772020484 167% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.245181901325 0.128457276422 191% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0980074658622 0.0628817314937 156% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.1 14.3799401198 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.07 48.3550499002 91% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.8 12.197005988 113% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.07 12.5979740519 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.8 8.32208582834 94% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 98.500998004 76% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 17.5 12.3882235529 141% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 11.1389221557 115% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 271, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... article claims this on the basis of the performance of the concentrated solution...
^^
Line 1, column 418, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...nt greater reduction in harmful bacteria compared to regular liquid hand soaps. T...
^^
Line 1, column 459, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... compared to regular liquid hand soaps. The article also claims that the performanc...
^^^
Line 1, column 671, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...these claims of the article are based on unwarranted assumptions and in order to ...
^^
Line 3, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , it
...umptions made by the article. Firstly,it was stated in the memo that the study f...
^^^
Line 3, column 526, Rule ID: IN_A_X_MANNER[1]
Message: Consider replacing "in a bad way" with adverb for "bad"; eg, "in a hasty manner" with "hastily".
...emically react with the person using it in a bad way and might prove dangerous to be used. S...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, firstly, hence, however, if, second, secondly, so, well, as to, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 19.6327345309 97% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 12.9520958084 62% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 7.0 13.6137724551 51% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 14.0 28.8173652695 49% => OK
Preposition: 70.0 55.5748502994 126% => OK
Nominalization: 21.0 16.3942115768 128% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2100.0 2260.96107784 93% => OK
No of words: 419.0 441.139720559 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.01193317422 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.52432199235 4.56307096286 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.94211581639 2.78398813304 106% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 204.123752495 78% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.379474940334 0.468620217663 81% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 659.7 705.55239521 94% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.76447105788 103% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 19.7664670659 76% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 27.0 22.8473053892 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 37.3035595561 57.8364921388 64% => OK
Chars per sentence: 140.0 119.503703932 117% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.9333333333 23.324526521 120% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.0 5.70786347227 105% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 6.0 5.25449101796 114% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 8.20758483034 122% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 6.88822355289 44% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.67664670659 43% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.377210772913 0.218282227539 173% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.152534165375 0.0743258471296 205% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.117314956382 0.0701772020484 167% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.245181901325 0.128457276422 191% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0980074658622 0.0628817314937 156% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.1 14.3799401198 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.07 48.3550499002 91% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.8 12.197005988 113% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.07 12.5979740519 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.8 8.32208582834 94% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 98.500998004 76% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 17.5 12.3882235529 141% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 11.1389221557 115% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.