Hospital statistics regarding people who go to the emergency room after roller- skating accidents indicate the need for more protective equipment. Within that group of people, 75 percent of those who had accidents in streets or parking lots had not been wearing any protective clothing (helmets, knee pads, etc.) or any light- reflecting material (clip-on lights, glow-in-the-dark wrist pads, etc.). Clearly, the statistics indicate that by investing in high-quality protective gear and reflective equipment, roller skaters will greatly reduce their risk of being severely injured in an accident.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In the above memo, the author argues that roller skaters will wane their risk of injuries by investing heavily in high-quality protective gear and reflective material. The author bolsters his argument based on the hospital statistics report, which indicates that vacuous protective equipment is behind most of the accidents. Thus the author assumes that roller skaters need more protective gear as 75 per cent of the casualties are not wearing any protective gear. However, before evaluating the author’s argument three unstated assumptions need to be answered.
Firstly, the author strengthens his claim of lacking protective gear is causing accidents based on the hospital report without any admissible evidence about the report. One may raise questions about the authenticity of the report. In other words, the statistical report is representative of not. There is a possibility that the sample size is very low. Maybe only 3 out of 10 people were admitted to the emergency room for serious injuries and the rest of them are minor injuries. In that case, the author’s argument is built unreliably. The author does not provide any evidence regarding the variability of the report. If the author is able to furnish more information regarding the statistical report perhaps in a form of a systematic research study about how many people are admitted to the emergency room then it will be possible to evaluate the author’s argument to a certain extent.
Secondly, the author argues that wearing protective clothing and light reflective material will reduce the number of fatalities without any justifiable evidence. Maybe lacking protective gear is not the main reason behind those accidents. Perhaps the poor maintenance of streets and parks is causing the accidents. There is a possibility that the city does not have a strict traffic rule and reckless driving are causing most of the fatalities. If any one of the above reasons is true then the author’s argument holds no water. The author does not provide sufficient information regarding the accidents. If the author can provide more legitimate evidence perhaps in the form of a statistical data chart of reasons behind the accidents of skateboarders then it will strengthen the author’s argument.
Thirdly, the author argues that by investing in high-quality protective gear skateboarders will be less prone to serious injuries without giving any details about the skateboarders. Perhaps high-quality protective gear is very costly and most of the skateboarders can not afford it. Even if this is not the case maybe reckless skateboarding and violation of traffic rules are the main cause of the accidents. In that case, using protective gear will not be effective in preventing serious injuries. To rectify his claim the author has to give sufficient information regarding the skateboarders perhaps in the form of a survey about skateboarders to rectify his claim otherwise the author’s recommendation is seriously unwarranted.
In conclusion, the author’s argument stands now is seriously flawed due to its reliance on several unwarranted assumptions. If the author can answer the three questions above and offers more evidence perhaps in the form of a systematic research study then it will be possible to evaluate the viability of the proposed recommendation by investing in high-quality protective gear and reflective equipment, roller skaters will greatly reduce their risk of being severely injured in an accident
- The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College To serve the housing needs of our students Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories Buckingham s enrollment is growing and based on current tren 68
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- The following appeared in a newsletter published by the Appleton school district In a recent study more than 5 000 adolescents were asked how often they ate meals with their families Almost 30 percent of the teens said they ate at least seven meals per we 68
- Hospital statistics regarding people who go to the emergency room after roller skating accidents indicate the need for more protective equipment Within that group of people 75 percent of those who had accidents in streets or parking lots had not been wear 66
- The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Quiot Manufacturing During the past year Quiot Manufacturing had 30 percent more on the job accidents than at the nearby Panoply Industries plant where the work shifts are one hour shorter than our 63
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 327, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...pment is behind most of the accidents. Thus the author assumes that roller skaters ...
^^^^
Line 2, column 363, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... the sample size is very low. Maybe only 3 out of 10 people were admitted to the ...
^^
Line 2, column 621, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...egarding the variability of the report. If the author is able to furnish more info...
^^
Line 4, column 446, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...ing are causing most of the fatalities. If any one of the above reasons is true th...
^^
Line 4, column 605, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...nt information regarding the accidents. If the author can provide more legitimate ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, firstly, however, if, may, regarding, second, secondly, so, then, third, thirdly, thus, as to, in conclusion, in other words
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 27.0 19.6327345309 138% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 12.9520958084 108% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 11.1786427146 81% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 13.6137724551 73% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 23.0 28.8173652695 80% => OK
Preposition: 75.0 55.5748502994 135% => OK
Nominalization: 22.0 16.3942115768 134% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2956.0 2260.96107784 131% => OK
No of words: 548.0 441.139720559 124% => OK
Chars per words: 5.39416058394 5.12650576532 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.83832613839 4.56307096286 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.02618133234 2.78398813304 109% => OK
Unique words: 218.0 204.123752495 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.397810218978 0.468620217663 85% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 930.6 705.55239521 132% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 4.96107784431 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 6.0 2.70958083832 221% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 4.22255489022 166% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 26.0 19.7664670659 132% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 22.8473053892 92% => OK
Sentence length SD: 71.8065386583 57.8364921388 124% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.692307692 119.503703932 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.0769230769 23.324526521 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.03846153846 5.70786347227 88% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 5.25449101796 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 8.20758483034 12% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 21.0 6.88822355289 305% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.132899164408 0.218282227539 61% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0416163028031 0.0743258471296 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0402568527856 0.0701772020484 57% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0851344965971 0.128457276422 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.041633710912 0.0628817314937 66% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.5 14.3799401198 101% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 41.7 48.3550499002 86% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.197005988 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.98 12.5979740519 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.73 8.32208582834 93% => OK
difficult_words: 106.0 98.500998004 108% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 12.3882235529 85% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 11.1389221557 93% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 327, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...pment is behind most of the accidents. Thus the author assumes that roller skaters ...
^^^^
Line 2, column 363, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... the sample size is very low. Maybe only 3 out of 10 people were admitted to the ...
^^
Line 2, column 621, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...egarding the variability of the report. If the author is able to furnish more info...
^^
Line 4, column 446, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...ing are causing most of the fatalities. If any one of the above reasons is true th...
^^
Line 4, column 605, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...nt information regarding the accidents. If the author can provide more legitimate ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, firstly, however, if, may, regarding, second, secondly, so, then, third, thirdly, thus, as to, in conclusion, in other words
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 27.0 19.6327345309 138% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 12.9520958084 108% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 11.1786427146 81% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 13.6137724551 73% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 23.0 28.8173652695 80% => OK
Preposition: 75.0 55.5748502994 135% => OK
Nominalization: 22.0 16.3942115768 134% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2956.0 2260.96107784 131% => OK
No of words: 548.0 441.139720559 124% => OK
Chars per words: 5.39416058394 5.12650576532 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.83832613839 4.56307096286 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.02618133234 2.78398813304 109% => OK
Unique words: 218.0 204.123752495 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.397810218978 0.468620217663 85% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 930.6 705.55239521 132% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 4.96107784431 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 6.0 2.70958083832 221% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 4.22255489022 166% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 26.0 19.7664670659 132% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 22.8473053892 92% => OK
Sentence length SD: 71.8065386583 57.8364921388 124% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.692307692 119.503703932 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.0769230769 23.324526521 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.03846153846 5.70786347227 88% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 5.25449101796 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 8.20758483034 12% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 21.0 6.88822355289 305% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.132899164408 0.218282227539 61% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0416163028031 0.0743258471296 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0402568527856 0.0701772020484 57% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0851344965971 0.128457276422 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.041633710912 0.0628817314937 66% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.5 14.3799401198 101% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 41.7 48.3550499002 86% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.197005988 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.98 12.5979740519 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.73 8.32208582834 93% => OK
difficult_words: 106.0 98.500998004 108% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 12.3882235529 85% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 11.1389221557 93% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.