The little ice age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900CE. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientist have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth's climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruption could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt, they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. This can decrease the global temperatures. Scientists know of several volcanic eruption that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reason(disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees carbon dioxide, earth became cooler.
The author of the reading passage believes that the little ice age between 1350 until 1900 C.E. caused by melting ices, volcanic eruptions and lessening the human population. Supporting his opinion, he provides three reasons.The proferssor however rejects this arguments as follows.
To begin with, the author astats that before the little ice age took place, there was a short time of global warming which led to melting the polar icebearges. the melting ices streamed in the gulfs, decreasing the temprature of the gulfs and then all of the earth. this however, rebutted by the professor arguing that gulf strams could just affect the northern hamsphier, while we know that the southern hamspheir was also affected and became cool. Therefore this could be not a convincing theory. this is in direct contradiction to the reading reasoning regarding the gulf stream effect on earth temperature.
In addition, unlike the writer who maintaines that the volcanic eruptions could also concidered as another reason for the little ice age, the lecturer is of theopinion that if there were such great eruptions at that time, some reportes should be recieved to us about them because such great eruptions have striking visual effects. however, we do not have any report based on this phenomenon. this is also in sharp contrast to what the reading passage mentioned about the role of volcanic eruptions in the accurence of the little ice age.
Finally, while the author asserts that decreasing in human population caused the lessening in agriculture and thus it led to have more forests which could absorbe the dioxid carbon so make the earth cooler, the lecturer refutes this argument and points out that forests did not last enough time to be able to make the earth tempreture lower. Hence after a short time again we had a normal human population who need to remove the forest for farming fields. this is again another blow to the integrity of the argument put forth by the author of the reading passage.
For these reasons, the professor dismisses the argument of the writer as unconvincing.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 226, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
... his opinion, he provides three reasons.The proferssor however rejects this argumen...
^^^
Line 1, column 257, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
... reasons.The proferssor however rejects this arguments as follows. To begin with, ...
^^^^
Line 3, column 161, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...ch led to melting the polar icebearges. the melting ices streamed in the gulfs, dec...
^^^
Line 3, column 249, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
...ng the temprature of the gulfs and then all of the earth. this however, rebutted by the pr...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 267, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
...of the gulfs and then all of the earth. this however, rebutted by the professor argu...
^^^^
Line 3, column 451, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...heir was also affected and became cool. Therefore this could be not a convincing theory. ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 500, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
... this could be not a convincing theory. this is in direct contradiction to the readi...
^^^^
Line 5, column 332, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...eruptions have striking visual effects. however, we do not have any report based on thi...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 393, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
...ve any report based on this phenomenon. this is also in sharp contrast to what the r...
^^^^
Line 7, column 343, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...ble to make the earth tempreture lower. Hence after a short time again we had a norma...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 457, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
...o remove the forest for farming fields. this is again another blow to the integrity ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, hence, however, if, regarding, so, then, therefore, thus, while, in addition, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1754.0 1373.03311258 128% => OK
No of words: 347.0 270.72406181 128% => OK
Chars per words: 5.05475504323 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.31600926901 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53562349485 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 187.0 145.348785872 129% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.538904899135 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 540.0 419.366225166 129% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 85.2711461595 49.2860985944 173% => OK
Chars per sentence: 125.285714286 110.228320801 114% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.7857142857 21.698381199 114% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.92857142857 7.06452816374 112% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 11.0 4.19205298013 262% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.108894706498 0.272083759551 40% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0367547226388 0.0996497079465 37% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0441167983634 0.0662205650399 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0574881607399 0.162205337803 35% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0415133362776 0.0443174109184 94% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.8 13.3589403974 111% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.31 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.47 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 80.0 63.6247240618 126% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.