The following memorandum is from the business manager of Happy Pancake House restaurants.
"Butter has now been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United States. Only about 2 percent of customers have complained, indicating that an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, many servers have reported that a number of customers who ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead. Clearly, either these customers cannot distinguish butter from margarine or they use the term 'butter' to refer to either butter or margarine. Thus, we predict that Happy Pancake House will be able to increase profits dramatically if we extend this cost-saving change to all our restaurants in the southeast and northeast as well."
Since the survey showing that there are 98 of people out of 100 are no complains about the changing butter by margarine, the author assumes that the customers are happy with this changing. Therefore, the author infers that after replacing butter by margarine, the profit of Happy Pancake House will increase dramatically. However, the dubious assumption make this conclusion unreasonable.
To begin with, the author relies on the survey to suggest that majority of customers are satisfy with the changes after Butter replaced by margarine. However, this survey cannot represent overall the customers, since customer might not say the true. For example, these 80 customers are no complains but stay neutral. As a result, 98 customers cannot represent that majority of customers are happy with this changes.
Furthermore, even assuming customers cannot distinguish butter from margarine is not the reason for no complains, the author falsely assumes that the use the term "butter" to refer to butter or margarine must attributed to no complains. This "either these customers cannot distinguish butter from margarine or they use the term 'butter' to refer to either butter or margarine" is fallacious in that it ignore other possible cause of no complains. Perhaps customers do not want to represent their anger. Or perhaps customers do not care this changes. Without ruling out such possible causes, the author cannot justifiably assumes that customers cannot distinguish butter from margarine or the term "butter" to indicate to either butter to margarine cause customers are not complains.
Even though customers are really no complains, the author's conclusion that Happy Pancake House will be able to increase profits dramatically is unwarranted. Profit is a factor relating to not only revenue but also costs. It is entirely possible that other costs associated with competition, customers flow decreasing will offset, even outweigh the revenue. Besides, a myriad of other unexpected occurrences, such as unfavorable economic depression, might prevent Happy Pancake House being as profitable as the author predicts.
To sum up, this conclusion is unreasonable, since there are many dubious assumptions. the author must make known exactly how many customers that are anger of replacing butter by margarine. Secondly, the other possible factors that will cause no complains of customers must be considered. Finally, the possible factors that will undermine the predicts must be considered; Therefore, if author can complete these recommendation, this assumption will be more reasonable.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 11 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 1 2
No. of Sentences: 19 15
No. of Words: 397 350
No. of Characters: 2134 1500
No. of Different Words: 164 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.464 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.375 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.714 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 176 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 128 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 96 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 72 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 20.895 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.267 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.684 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.369 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.593 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.135 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 90, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'satisfied'.
Suggestion: satisfied
... suggest that majority of customers are satisfy with the changes after Butter replaced ...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 403, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...at majority of customers are happy with this changes. Furthermore, even assumin...
^^^^
Line 3, column 417, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... customers are happy with this changes. Furthermore, even assuming customers can...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 52, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
... customers are really no complains, the authors conclusion that Happy Pancake House wil...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 87, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...nce there are many dubious assumptions. the author must make known exactly how many...
^^^
Line 9, column 406, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this recommendation' or 'these recommendations'?
Suggestion: this recommendation; these recommendations
...ered; Therefore, if author can complete these recommendation, this assumption will be more reasonabl...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, besides, but, finally, furthermore, however, if, really, second, secondly, so, therefore, for example, such as, as a result, to begin with, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 21.0 19.6327345309 107% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 19.0 12.9520958084 147% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 13.6137724551 95% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 28.8173652695 97% => OK
Preposition: 46.0 55.5748502994 83% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 16.3942115768 24% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2230.0 2260.96107784 99% => OK
No of words: 397.0 441.139720559 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.61712846348 5.12650576532 110% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.46372701284 4.56307096286 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.03750975204 2.78398813304 109% => OK
Unique words: 170.0 204.123752495 83% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.428211586902 0.468620217663 91% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 698.4 705.55239521 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.8 1.59920159681 113% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 4.96107784431 121% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.76447105788 137% => OK
Subordination: 6.0 2.70958083832 221% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 8.0 4.22255489022 189% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 20.0 19.7664670659 101% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 22.8473053892 83% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 60.4553347522 57.8364921388 105% => OK
Chars per sentence: 111.5 119.503703932 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.85 23.324526521 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.75 5.70786347227 136% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 5.25449101796 114% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.20758483034 85% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 12.0 6.88822355289 174% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.207285094198 0.218282227539 95% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0737496658155 0.0743258471296 99% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0581169939982 0.0701772020484 83% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.129453785134 0.128457276422 101% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0525303980826 0.0628817314937 84% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.0 14.3799401198 104% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 35.27 48.3550499002 73% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.1 12.197005988 107% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 15.32 12.5979740519 122% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.4 8.32208582834 101% => OK
difficult_words: 96.0 98.500998004 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 12.3882235529 85% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 11.1389221557 86% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.9071856287 126% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.