The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The authour of this information claims that manned space flight is costly and dangerous and that the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gatthered without the costs and risks asssociated with sending men and women into space. However the conclusion of the author is inadequately supported with prooven evidence.
The author did not give us the statistics of the successful unmanned space flight and successful manned space flight, likewise the unsuccessful ones. So, this conclusion could have been solely from the author personal assumption. We need pragmatic evidence from diffenrent sources (putting in mind that they should be under the same conditions) to proove the fact that unmanned space is less costly and not dangerous.
Moreover, it was stated that the successs of unmanned space flight were gotten recently, this has not happened severally, so we are not sure if it will stand the test of time. And the conditions needed for the success are not stated, so we are not sure if the condition will be needing the effort of men and women.
From the forgoing, it can be concluded that the information is not substancially adequate to support the claim that manned space flight is more costly, dangerous and that the umanned space flight can be use to gather useful information without the costs and risks asssociated with sending men and women into space. This is not enough to validate the claim.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 9 2
No. of Sentences: 9 15
No. of Words: 250 350
No. of Characters: 1228 1500
No. of Different Words: 119 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 3.976 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.912 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.594 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 89 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 58 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 44 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 29 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 27.778 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 15.505 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.556 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.413 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.673 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.193 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 322, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
... with sending men and women into space. However the conclusion of the author is inadequ...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 275, Rule ID: PROGRESSIVE_VERBS[1]
Message: This verb is normally not used in the progressive form. Try a simple form instead.
...o we are not sure if the condition will be needing the effort of men and women. From the ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 204, Rule ID: BE_USE_TO_DO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'used'?
Suggestion: used
...nd that the umanned space flight can be use to gather useful information without ...
^^^
Line 4, column 204, Rule ID: USE_TO_VERB[1]
Message: Did you mean 'used'?
Suggestion: used
...nd that the umanned space flight can be use to gather useful information without ...
^^^
Line 4, column 217, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...manned space flight can be use to gather useful information without the costs an...
^^
Line 4, column 237, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...can be use to gather useful information without the costs and risks asssociated ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
however, if, likewise, moreover, so
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 19.6327345309 87% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 12.9520958084 62% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 11.1786427146 107% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 13.6137724551 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 21.0 28.8173652695 73% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 55.5748502994 45% => More preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 8.0 16.3942115768 49% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1253.0 2260.96107784 55% => More number of characters wanted.
No of words: 250.0 441.139720559 57% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.012 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.97635364384 4.56307096286 87% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64340689263 2.78398813304 95% => OK
Unique words: 122.0 204.123752495 60% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.488 0.468620217663 104% => OK
syllable_count: 383.4 705.55239521 54% => syllable counts are too short.
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 4.96107784431 121% => OK
Article: 2.0 8.76447105788 23% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.70958083832 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 19.7664670659 46% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 27.0 22.8473053892 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 92.7852957699 57.8364921388 160% => OK
Chars per sentence: 139.222222222 119.503703932 117% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.7777777778 23.324526521 119% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.88888888889 5.70786347227 68% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 6.0 5.25449101796 114% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.20758483034 61% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 6.88822355289 44% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.298006786955 0.218282227539 137% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.116151493944 0.0743258471296 156% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.12348880691 0.0701772020484 176% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.194832930378 0.128457276422 152% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0797529773571 0.0628817314937 127% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.1 14.3799401198 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.53 48.3550499002 109% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.6 12.197005988 103% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.07 12.5979740519 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.45 8.32208582834 102% => OK
difficult_words: 55.0 98.500998004 56% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 14.5 12.3882235529 117% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 11.1389221557 115% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.