Essay topics:
The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The recommendation from the letter suggests that the national aeronautics should invest in unmanned space flight, this recommendation was as a result of the high cost and danger associated with manned spaced flight and also the demonstration that shows that the unmanned space flight can gather vital information. Well, the evidence in the passage needs to be further proven for the conclusion to stand true. Also, some unstated assumptions need to be verified to evaluate the validity of the recommedation.
The first assumption is that investment in unmanned space flight is cost-effective when compared to manned space flight. It is possible that building the unmanned space flight might cost more which doesn't focus attention on solving the problem of "costly". For example, if it costs $5,000 to build a manned space flight and $500 to manage the whole process to and fro with the effort of 2 people; then costs $6,000 to build an unmanned space flight and $600 to manage the whole process. If the unmanned space flight requires the effort of 100 people to manage from the earth, it can be deduced that the cost of operation is high. Unless the information is provided on the cost-effectiveness, the implication of this recommendation will be an exponential increase in the cost of development and operation of the unmanned space flight.
In addition, another assumption on which the conclusion is based is that unmanned spaceflight has assured the national aeronautics a permanent efficiency with the collection of accurate information. Until a piece of evidence is shown, the opinion of investing in unmanned space might not be the right move. There is a potential that the unmanned space only operates actively for a period of 3 months or even a year. This might not even be a wise decision if compared to the costs involved. Maybe, the aeronautics engineers need to carry out further research to identify the shelf-life of the unmanned space flight.
Finally, the passage assumes that humans that had been earlier sent using the manned space flight did not carry out activities that made it easier for the unmanned space flight to gather the information. Well, there is a possibility that the culminated efforts of humans contributed to the success of unmanned space flight. If this is so, that means the unmanned space flight, after utilizing results from the human efforts, might fail to collect accurate information until humans are sent again to work carry out more activities that the unmanned space flight will leverage on. For the conclusion to stand, a piece of evidence is needed to provide information about humans not being attached to the success of the unmanned space flight operations, if not, the implication of this decision will be a double investment by the company and wasted time and effort.
In general, the passage is flawed, more valid evidence is needed for the recommendation to stand. Until then, it might not be advisable for the national aeronautics to invest their resources in unmanned space flight.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 4 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 7 2
No. of Sentences: 19 15
No. of Words: 502 350
No. of Characters: 2488 1500
No. of Different Words: 200 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.733 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.956 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.801 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 179 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 125 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 99 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 51 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 26.421 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 11.137 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.737 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.388 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.581 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.118 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 199, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...nned space flight might cost more which doesnt focus attention on solving the problem ...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 292, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...s;costly'. For example, if it costs ,000 to build a manned space flight and 0...
^^
Line 3, column 414, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
... with the effort of 2 people; then costs ,000 to build an unmanned space flight an...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, if, may, so, then, well, for example, in addition, in general, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 26.0 19.6327345309 132% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 12.9520958084 100% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 11.1786427146 81% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 13.6137724551 125% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 28.8173652695 87% => OK
Preposition: 69.0 55.5748502994 124% => OK
Nominalization: 28.0 16.3942115768 171% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2552.0 2260.96107784 113% => OK
No of words: 501.0 441.139720559 114% => OK
Chars per words: 5.09381237525 5.12650576532 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.73107062784 4.56307096286 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.92182981942 2.78398813304 105% => OK
Unique words: 202.0 204.123752495 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.403193612774 0.468620217663 86% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 790.2 705.55239521 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 4.96107784431 121% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 8.0 2.70958083832 295% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 4.22255489022 118% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 19.7664670659 96% => OK
Sentence length: 26.0 22.8473053892 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 68.0032995778 57.8364921388 118% => OK
Chars per sentence: 134.315789474 119.503703932 112% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.3684210526 23.324526521 113% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.31578947368 5.70786347227 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 5.25449101796 57% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.20758483034 85% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 6.88822355289 58% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.67664670659 171% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.350407608276 0.218282227539 161% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.135324554969 0.0743258471296 182% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0902783982335 0.0701772020484 129% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.223255168811 0.128457276422 174% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0558652877657 0.0628817314937 89% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.7 14.3799401198 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.09 48.3550499002 93% => OK
smog_index: 11.2 7.1628742515 156% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 12.197005988 110% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.54 12.5979740519 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.05 8.32208582834 97% => OK
difficult_words: 99.0 98.500998004 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 15.0 12.3882235529 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 11.1389221557 111% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.