"Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
The letter recieved by the editorial of a newspaper states that space flight is costly and dangerous. Considering the success of unmanned space travel, the letter encourages to invest in unmanned space flight as it is short of the risk and cost in manned space travel. Even though the letter makes valid points they are not devoid of assumptions.
The letter states that manned space flight is costly. Here, we donot know whether it is costlier than unmanned spaceflight or not. In an unmanned spce mission, a large amount of money would have to be spent on automation and remote controlling. Assuming that this cost is less than the cost of sending a man into space, the overhead cost of a failed space mission is also not considered. In a manned space mission, a human being is in control throughout the flight and is more equipped in handling a failure of the system than a computer. The human being will be able to make decisions on the fly and with a lesser failure rate. Hence it is more probable that a manned space mission is less likely to fail. An assumption is made that technology is advanced enough to replicate a human's behavior and knowledge. Even if the unmanned space mission is controlled remotely, there is only a limited amount of things the controller can do in case of system failure that has occured thousands of kilometers away. nd
Another assumption made by the argument is that manned space flight is dangerous. Eventhough this would be true a few years ago, technology is making progress in leaps. The technology that goes into the protection of the human is very advanced and it is not safe to assume that the risk involved is so massive that a manned space travel is not a suitable option.
The letter also states that recent unmanned space probes have been able to gather a great deal of useful information, but wouldn't a manned space mission be able to improve on that succes? A person who is trained in the field of study might be more suited in making decisions and recognizing locations which would broaden the information that is already collected. A person who has immense knowedge in the field experiences space live, would be able to make more and accurate inferences of the information gathered. This will only help in fast forwarding the pace at which mankind would learn about various aspects of space.
The letter encourages to invest resources in unmanned space flight. This makes an assumption that we have not already reached to the maximum capacity what information we could collect without sending a human into space. If this is true, even by spending any amount of money and resources, the mission would be useless. This would only result in the waste of these resources which could have been employed in making a manned space mission less dangerous and more yeilding.
Hence, eventhough the letter makes some valid points, it is not sfae to accept them and face value. Thorough evaluation of the assumptions is imperative before mankind decides its next steps into broadening their understanding of space.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-08-23 | Krisha Lakhani | 58 | view |
| 2023-08-17 | riyarmy | 83 | view |
| 2023-08-11 | Anish Sapkota | 58 | view |
| 2023-08-04 | DCAD123 | 50 | view |
| 2023-07-30 | BusariMoruf | 55 | view |
- Men and women because of their inherent physical differences are not equally suited for many tasks 66
- Manned space flight is costly and dangerous Moreover the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men an 74
- Men and women because of their inherent physical differences are not equally suited for many tasks 66
Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 25 15
No. of Words: 527 350
No. of Characters: 2488 1500
No. of Different Words: 225 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.791 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.721 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.518 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 180 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 117 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 80 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 49 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 21.08 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 7.668 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.28 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.318 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.522 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.086 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 6 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 175, Rule ID: ALLOW_TO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'investing'? Or maybe you should add a pronoun? In active voice, 'encourage' + 'to' takes an object, usually a pronoun.
Suggestion: investing
...ned space travel, the letter encourages to invest in unmanned space flight as it is short...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 270, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[2]
Message: “Even though” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...e risk and cost in manned space travel. Even though the letter makes valid points they are ...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 630, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...the fly and with a lesser failure rate. Hence it is more probable that a manned space...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 780, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'humans'' or 'human's'?
Suggestion: humans'; human's
...ology is advanced enough to replicate a humans behavior and knowledge. Even if the unm...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 1006, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Nd
...s occured thousands of kilometers away. nd Another assumption made by the argum...
^^
Line 5, column 316, Rule ID: A_UNCOUNTABLE[5]
Message: Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply 'manned space travel'.
Suggestion: manned space travel
...at the risk involved is so massive that a manned space travel is not a suitable option. The letter...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 123, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wouldn't
...a great deal of useful information, but wouldnt a manned space mission be able to impro...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 23, Rule ID: ALLOW_TO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'investing'? Or maybe you should add a pronoun? In active voice, 'encourage' + 'to' takes an object, usually a pronoun.
Suggestion: investing
...ects of space. The letter encourages to invest resources in unmanned space flight. Thi...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, hence, if, so
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 38.0 19.6327345309 194% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 12.9520958084 100% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 11.1786427146 125% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 13.6137724551 140% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 28.8173652695 115% => OK
Preposition: 64.0 55.5748502994 115% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 16.3942115768 67% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2547.0 2260.96107784 113% => OK
No of words: 526.0 441.139720559 119% => OK
Chars per words: 4.84220532319 5.12650576532 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.78901763229 4.56307096286 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5795480799 2.78398813304 93% => OK
Unique words: 231.0 204.123752495 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.439163498099 0.468620217663 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 802.8 705.55239521 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 14.0 8.76447105788 160% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 25.0 19.7664670659 126% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 22.8473053892 92% => OK
Sentence length SD: 41.4088686153 57.8364921388 72% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.88 119.503703932 85% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.04 23.324526521 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.96 5.70786347227 17% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 5.25449101796 152% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.20758483034 85% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 11.0 6.88822355289 160% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.67664670659 150% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.356958347428 0.218282227539 164% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.104945898386 0.0743258471296 141% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0849920577989 0.0701772020484 121% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.181243719317 0.128457276422 141% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0816192008152 0.0628817314937 130% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 14.3799401198 83% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 48.3550499002 121% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 12.197005988 84% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.79 12.5979740519 86% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.98 8.32208582834 96% => OK
difficult_words: 110.0 98.500998004 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 12.3882235529 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 11.1389221557 93% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.