In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions
“In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions”. I do not agree with this statement.
Such statements often do sound catchy and may warrant some merit if given a cursory glance. It is fair to assume that beginners do bring new and diverse ideas into a field, and this could be a spawn of innovation.
However, a deeper look at this statement quickly strips away its credibility. Modern fields of enquiry are often studied by millions of people and are correspondingly extremely complex and vast. It can take years of study to get even a faint grasp on the full scope of a modern science. Take for example the field of computer science. There are hundreds of different possible approaches to every single problem there is. Thus, it is statistically likely that any ‘new’ breakthrough that a beginner comes up with has already been researched by someone else, and the beginner has essentially just re-invented the wheel. Add into the mix the various offshoots of computer science, like artificial intelligence, modern cryptography, high performance computing, and it is outright impossible for a single man to grasp the whole field. Thus, modern innovation is often driven by large teams of experts, each extremely proficient in their particular field of study. This amalgamation of various experiences and disciplines then takes the field to new heights.
Consider Albert Einstein for once, the man who shattered the world of physics through the theory of general relativity, thereby almost nullifying the last 100-200 years of research. He certainly was very young when he came up with his theory, being in his 20s. However, he can hardly be considered a beginner. He mastered advanced calculus in his teens and spent nearly a decade in study before coming up with this breakthrough. He was a prodigy, not an amateur, sadly, the two can often be confused with one another.
There are of course, exceptions. However, they are just that, exceptions. The norm is that innovation is driven by groups of people who are extremely knowledgeable in the fields. I can thus say, I completely disagree with the claim that beginners are more likely than experts to innovate.
- Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students 70
- Governments should place few if any restrictions on scientific research and development 58
- The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers artists or scientists but by the general welfare of its people 62
- As humans rely more on technology the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate 50
- Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students 70
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, however, if, look, may, so, then, thus, for example, of course
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 22.0 19.5258426966 113% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 12.4196629213 48% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 14.8657303371 61% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 11.3162921348 80% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 29.0 33.0505617978 88% => OK
Preposition: 50.0 58.6224719101 85% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 12.9106741573 85% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1867.0 2235.4752809 84% => OK
No of words: 369.0 442.535393258 83% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.05962059621 5.05705443957 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.38284983912 4.55969084622 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.89651063707 2.79657885939 104% => OK
Unique words: 214.0 215.323595506 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.579945799458 0.4932671777 118% => OK
syllable_count: 576.0 704.065955056 82% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59117977528 101% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 12.0 6.24550561798 192% => OK
Article: 5.0 4.99550561798 100% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 3.10617977528 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.77640449438 169% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.38483146067 23% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 22.0 20.2370786517 109% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 23.0359550562 69% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 47.857743745 60.3974514979 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 84.8636363636 118.986275619 71% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.7727272727 23.4991977007 71% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.04545454545 5.21951772744 58% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.97078651685 101% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 7.80617977528 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 10.2758426966 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 5.13820224719 58% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.83258426966 186% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.243870539909 0.243740707755 100% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0731276053528 0.0831039109588 88% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.17779326705 0.0758088955206 235% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.193797135203 0.150359130593 129% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.219493632222 0.0667264976115 329% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.8 14.1392134831 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 55.24 48.8420337079 113% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.92365168539 111% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 12.1743820225 78% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.77 12.1639044944 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.02 8.38706741573 96% => OK
difficult_words: 84.0 100.480337079 84% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 11.8971910112 59% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.4 11.2143820225 75% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.7820224719 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.