"Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
The letter provided to the editior of a national aeronautics magazine states that they should invest resources in unmanned space flight. This is based on the premise that manned space flights are dangerous and costly and also recent because of the recent success of unmanned space flight. At first the argument may sound logical and true. But the arguement is full of flawed assumption which are needed to be evaluated for its correctness.
Firstly, The letter says that unmanned flights are not costly. There may be a case that there is a failure in some part of the machine. Since it is unmanned there is no one to correct this failure. Rather if it would have been a manned flight such issues can be solved correctly without any worries. For example - a satellite or a probe carying a camera, an asteroid attack takes place which damges the camera setting now such damage the unmanned flight cannot correct whereas a manned fight can correct.
Secondly, The letter says that manned space fligts is costly and dangerous. There is no evidence given why it is dangerous, had there being an accident occured in past?. How much costly it is?. There is no detailed expalnation about these facts. Answering these questions will make the argument Stronger and the also correct.
Lastly, The letter says that a great deal of useful information is gathered by the unmanned flights. Are these information gathered trusthworthy? Are they correct? , As there was no one present on the unmanned flight to check for the validity of the information. For example - A satellite was sent to take pictures of the sun. But due to asteriod attack which normally takes place in the space the camera gets shifted and instead of getting pictures of sun the camera catches the pictures of mercury which is close to sun and also red in color from far it will look like a sun. Such mistakes regarding the infomation cannot be corrected in unmanned space flights.
In conclusion, As now the argument stays flawed with numerous unstated assumptions made which are not evaluted properly like- 1] Not exaplined properly why unmanned space probes are safe and costly, 2] Not given detailed information why manned space flights are costly and dangerous and 3] The information gathered by unmanned space flights are not validated for correctness.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-08-23 | Krisha Lakhani | 58 | view |
| 2023-08-17 | riyarmy | 83 | view |
| 2023-08-11 | Anish Sapkota | 58 | view |
| 2023-08-04 | DCAD123 | 50 | view |
| 2023-07-30 | BusariMoruf | 55 | view |
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 21 15
No. of Words: 390 350
No. of Characters: 1880 1500
No. of Different Words: 183 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.444 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.821 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.475 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 147 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 102 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 68 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 30 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 18.571 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 13.095 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.667 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.292 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.489 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.065 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 9, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...aluated for its correctness. Firstly, The letter says that unmanned flights ar...
^^
Line 3, column 138, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Since” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
... a failure in some part of the machine. Since it is unmanned there is no one to corre...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 200, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Rather,
...here is no one to correct this failure. Rather if it would have been a manned flight s...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 213, Rule ID: IF_WOULD_HAVE_VBN[1]
Message: Did you mean 'had been'?
Suggestion: had been
...e to correct this failure. Rather if it would have been a manned flight such issues can be solv...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 10, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... manned fight can correct. Secondly, The letter says that manned space fligts...
^^
Line 7, column 106, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this information' or 'these informations'?
Suggestion: this information; these informations
...s gathered by the unmanned flights. Are these information gathered trusthworthy? Are they correct...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 165, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...athered trusthworthy? Are they correct? , As there was no one present on the unma...
^
Line 7, column 532, Rule ID: ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE[1]
Message: A more concise phrase may lose no meaning and sound more powerful.
Suggestion: red
... mercury which is close to sun and also red in color from far it will look like a sun. Such ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 128, Rule ID: EN_UNPAIRED_BRACKETS
Message: Unpaired symbol: '[' seems to be missing
... which are not evaluted properly like- 1] Not exaplined properly why unmanned spa...
^
Line 9, column 201, Rule ID: EN_UNPAIRED_BRACKETS
Message: Unpaired symbol: '[' seems to be missing
...nned space probes are safe and costly, 2] Not given detailed information why mann...
^
Line 9, column 289, Rule ID: EN_UNPAIRED_BRACKETS
Message: Unpaired symbol: '[' seems to be missing
...e flights are costly and dangerous and 3] The information gathered by unmanned sp...
^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, if, lastly, look, may, regarding, second, secondly, so, whereas, for example, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 29.0 19.6327345309 148% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 12.9520958084 77% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 11.1786427146 116% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 13.6137724551 81% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 28.8173652695 66% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 55.5748502994 70% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 16.3942115768 79% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1934.0 2260.96107784 86% => OK
No of words: 390.0 441.139720559 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.95897435897 5.12650576532 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.44391917772 4.56307096286 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.55294029698 2.78398813304 92% => OK
Unique words: 190.0 204.123752495 93% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.487179487179 0.468620217663 104% => OK
syllable_count: 608.4 705.55239521 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 4.96107784431 20% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 22.0 19.7664670659 111% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 22.8473053892 74% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 79.7030257522 57.8364921388 138% => OK
Chars per sentence: 87.9090909091 119.503703932 74% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.7272727273 23.324526521 76% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.36363636364 5.70786347227 94% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 11.0 5.25449101796 209% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 8.20758483034 73% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 11.0 6.88822355289 160% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.36462140445 0.218282227539 167% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0965174992578 0.0743258471296 130% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0963250484251 0.0701772020484 137% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.207300563676 0.128457276422 161% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0648951412481 0.0628817314937 103% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.8 14.3799401198 75% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 48.3550499002 112% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 12.197005988 81% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.19 12.5979740519 89% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.68 8.32208582834 92% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 98.500998004 80% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 12.3882235529 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 11.1389221557 79% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.9071856287 67% => The average readability is low. Need to imporve the language.
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.